Ch 1Measurement
5-Mark Questions
What are derived quantities?
Derived quantities are physical quantities that can be obtained by multiplying, dividing, or mathematically combining fundamental quantities. They are expressed in terms of fundamental quantities, which are the basic quantities that cannot be derived from other quantities. Examples of fundamental quantities include length, mass, and time. Derived quantities, on the other hand, are quantities that depend on fundamental quantities and are expressed using combinations of them. …
Distinguish between the volume of liquid and capacity of a container.
Volume of liquid and capacity of a container are related but distinct concepts. Volume of liquid refers to the amount of space occupied by a liquid and is measured in cubic units such as cubic centimeters or cubic meters. It is calculated based on the dimensions of the liquid itself. Capacity of a container, on the other hand, refers to the maximum amount of substance that a container can hold, whether that substance is a solid, liquid, or gas. Capacity is typically measured in liters, milliliters, gallons, or other volume-based units. …
2-Mark Questions
1L, 100 cc, 10 L, 10 cc
The correct order from smallest to largest is: 10 cc, 100 cc, 1 L, 10 L. To arrange these volumes in ascending order, we need to convert them to the same unit. Since 1 liter equals 1000 cubic centimeters, we have 10 cc, 100 cc, 1000 cc, and 10000 cc respectively. Therefore, the ascending order is 10 cc, 100 cc, 1 L, 10 L.
Copper, Aluminium, Gold, Iron
The correct order of metals from least dense to most dense is: Aluminium, Iron, Copper, Gold. Aluminium has the lowest density at approximately 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter, followed by Iron at approximately 7.8 grams per cubic centimeter, then Copper at approximately 8.9 grams per cubic centimeter, and finally Gold which is the densest at approximately 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter. This ordering reflects how tightly the atoms of each metal are packed together.
Name some of the derived quantities.
Some of the derived quantities are area, volume, and density. Derived quantities are physical quantities that are obtained by combining fundamental quantities through mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, or other combinations. Area is derived from length multiplied by length, volume is derived from length multiplied by length multiplied by length, and density is derived by dividing mass by volume. Other examples of derived quantities include speed, acceleration, force, and pressure.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Which of the following is a derived unit?
(c) area
Ch 2Force and Motion
5-Mark Questions
All objects having uniform speed need not have uniform velocity. Describe with the help of examples.
An object moving in uniform circular motion is moving around the perimeter of the circle with a constant speed. While the speed of the object remains constant, its velocity is continuously changing because velocity is a vector quantity that depends on both speed and direction. Since the direction of motion keeps changing at every point along the circular path, the velocity vector also changes even though the magnitude of velocity (speed) remains the same. …
Correct your friend who says “The acceleration gives the idea of how fast the position changes”.
Your friend's statement is incorrect. Velocity, not acceleration, gives an idea of how fast the position changes. Velocity is defined as the rate of change of position or displacement with respect to time, so it directly tells us how quickly an object's position is changing. Acceleration, on the other hand, gives an idea of how fast the velocity changes with respect to time. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, not position. For example, when a car speeds up, its velocity is increasing, and we say the car has acceleration. …
2-Mark Questions
“She moves at a constant speed in a constant direction”. Rephrase the same sentence in fewer words using concepts related to motion.
The sentence 'She moves at a constant speed in a constant direction' can be rephrased more concisely using the concept of velocity. In physics, velocity is a vector quantity that describes both the speed of an object and its direction of motion. Therefore, moving at a constant speed in a constant direction implies that the object's velocity is unchanging. Thus, a more succinct way to express this is: 'She moves with constant velocity.' This implies motion in a straight line without any change in the rate or path of movement.
Distinguish between speed and velocity.
Speed is a scalar quantity that measures how fast an object is moving, defined as the distance covered per unit time. It only has magnitude. Velocity, on the other hand, is a vector quantity that measures both the speed and the direction of an object's motion. It is defined as the displacement covered per unit time. Therefore, while speed tells us only 'how fast', velocity tells us 'how fast and in which direction'.
What is centre of gravity ?
The centre of gravity of an object is the point through which the entire weight of the object appears to act. It is the point where the entire mass of the object can be considered to be concentrated for the purpose of calculating the effect of gravity. For a uniform and symmetrical object like a sphere or a cube, the centre of gravity is located at its geometric centre. For irregular or non-uniform objects, the centre of gravity may not be at the geometric centre but at a point where the mass is concentrated.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
A particle is moving in a circular path of radius r. The displacement after half a circle would be
(c) 2r
Ch 3Matter Around Us
5-Mark Questions
What do you understand by chemical formula of a compound? What is its significance?
A chemical formula is a symbolic representation that shows the types and numbers of atoms present in one molecule of an element or compound. It uses the symbols of elements along with numerical subscripts to indicate the exact proportion in which atoms are combined. The significance of a chemical formula is that it provides essential information about the composition of a substance. It tells us which elements are present in the compound and how many atoms of each element are bonded together in a single molecule. …
What are elements? What are they made of. Give two examples.
Elements are the simplest forms of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. They are the fundamental building blocks of all matter. Elements are made up entirely of one type of atom, meaning all atoms in an element are identical and have the same atomic structure. Each element is characterized by a specific number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms, which determines its atomic number and its position in the periodic table. Two examples of elements are hydrogen and oxygen. …
2-Mark Questions
Write the symbols for the following elements and classify them as solid, liquid and gas. Aluminum, carbon, chlorine, mercury, hydrogen and helium.
Element | Symbol | Classification Aluminum | Al | Solid Carbon | C | Solid Chlorine | Cl | Gas Mercury | Hg | Liquid Hydrogen | H | Gas Helium | He | Gas Most of the elements listed are solids at room temperature, including aluminum and carbon, which are commonly found in solid form in nature. Mercury is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature, making it unique among metallic elements. Hydrogen and helium are both gases at room temperature and are among the lightest elements known. …
Classify the following as metals, non-metals and metalloids Sodium, Bismuth, Silver, Nitrogen, Silicon, carbon, chlorine, Iron, copper.
Metals: Sodium, Bismuth, Silver, Iron, Copper. Non-metals: Nitrogen, Carbon, Chlorine. Metalloid: Silicon. Metals are elements that are generally shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. Sodium, bismuth, silver, iron, and copper all possess these metallic properties. Non-metals are elements that are typically poor conductors of electricity and heat, and they are generally not malleable or ductile. Nitrogen, carbon, and chlorine are non-metallic elements with these characteristics. …
Classify the following as elements and compounds. Water, common salt, sugar, carbon dioxide, iodine and lithium
Elements: Iodine, Lithium. Compounds: Water, Common salt, Sugar, Carbon dioxide. Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Iodine and lithium are both elements because they consist of only one type of atom each. Compounds, on the other hand, are pure substances formed when atoms of two or more different elements combine chemically in fixed proportions. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Which of the following is an example of a metal?
(a) Iron
Ch 4Atomic Structure
5-Mark Questions
What is the characteristics of proton?
A proton is a sub-atomic particle with a positive electric charge. Protons are located in the nucleus of an atom at its center. The positive charge of a proton is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the negative charge of an electron. This means that one proton has the same amount of charge as one electron, just with opposite polarity. Protons have a mass approximately equal to that of a neutron. The number of protons in an atom determines the atomic number and the identity of the element. …
Why neutrons called neutral particles?
Neutrons are called neutral particles because they carry no electric charge. Unlike protons, which are positively charged, and electrons, which are negatively charged, neutrons are electrically neutral. This means they do not participate in electrical interactions within the atom. Neutrons are located in the nucleus along with protons. Despite having no charge, neutrons have mass approximately equal to that of protons. The presence of neutrons in the nucleus contributes to the mass number of an atom. …
2-Mark Questions
Define an atom.
An atom is the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties and cannot be broken down further by chemical means. It is the basic building block of all matter. An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in electron shells. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons, which determines their identity and chemical behavior. Atoms combine with other atoms to form molecules and compounds.
Name the sub-atomic particles.
The three sub-atomic particles that make up an atom are protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus in electron shells. Neutrons are neutral particles, also located in the nucleus. Together, protons and neutrons are called nucleons because they are found in the nucleus of the atom.
What is atomic number?
The atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element. It is represented by the letter Z. Since an atom is electrically neutral, the number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons, so the atomic number also represents the number of electrons in a neutral atom. The atomic number is unique for each element and determines the identity of the element. For example, all hydrogen atoms have atomic number 1, all carbon atoms have atomic number 6, and all oxygen atoms have atomic number 8.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
The basic unit of matter is __________
(b) Atom
Ch 5Reproductive and Modification In Plants
5-Mark Questions
Differentiate bisexual flower from unisexual flower.
Bisexual flowers and unisexual flowers differ in their reproductive structure and pollination requirements. A bisexual flower contains both the male reproductive part (androecium) and the female reproductive part (gynoecium) in the same flower, such as in hibiscus. Because bisexual flowers have both male and female parts, they can undergo both self-pollination, where pollen from the anther pollinates the stigma of the same flower, and cross-pollination, where pollen is transferred to another flower. An unisexual flower contains only either the androecium or the gynoecium, but not both. …
What is cross pollination?
Cross pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of the same species or kind, which may be on the same plant or a different plant. In cross pollination, pollen must be transported from one flower to another, requiring external agents to facilitate the transfer. Plants that rely on cross pollination typically produce pollen grains in larger quantities to increase the chances that some pollen will successfully reach the stigma of another flower. …
2-Mark Questions
Write two types of reproduction in plants.
The two types of reproduction in plants are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in the formation of seeds that contain genetic material from both parents. This type of reproduction occurs through pollination and fertilization in flowering plants. Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Asexual reproduction can occur through vegetative propagation methods such as runners, tubers, bulbs, fragmentation, and budding.
What are the two important parts of a flower?
The two important parts of a flower are the androecium and the gynoecium. The androecium is the male reproductive part of the flower, consisting of stamens that produce pollen grains. Each stamen has an anther where pollen is produced and a filament that supports the anther. The gynoecium is the female reproductive part of the flower, consisting of the carpel or pistil. The carpel contains the stigma that receives pollen, the style that connects the stigma to the ovary, and the ovary that contains ovules. These two parts are essential for sexual reproduction in flowering plants.
Define – pollination.
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same species. This is a crucial step in plant sexual reproduction that must occur before fertilization can take place. Pollination can be self-pollination, where pollen from a flower pollinates the stigma of the same flower, or cross-pollination, where pollen is transferred between different flowers. The process is facilitated by various agents including insects, wind, water, and animals, which help carry pollen grains from one flower to another.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Vegetative propagation by leaves takes place in
(a) Bryophyllum
Ch 6Health and Hygiene
5-Mark Questions
Write about the right way of protect the eyes?
To protect our eyes and maintain good vision, several practices should be followed diligently. Firstly, it is crucial to avoid rubbing the eyes, as this can introduce germs and cause irritation or injury. Secondly, prolonged screen time on televisions or computers should be limited to prevent eye strain and fatigue. When cleaning the eyes, using cool, clean water is recommended. Furthermore, a diet rich in Vitamin A is essential for healthy eyesight; therefore, consuming foods like carrots, which are an excellent source of Vitamin A, is highly beneficial. …
How to keep your hair clean and health? To keep the hair clean and healthy:
To keep the hair clean and healthy, regular hair washing is essential as it removes dead skin cells, excess oil, and dust that accumulate on the scalp and hair. Gentle massage of the scalp during washing improves blood circulation and promotes hair health. After washing, the hair must be rinsed thoroughly with clean, clear water to remove all traces of shampoo and dirt. Using a good-toothed comb for combing and styling helps in detangling the hair without causing breakage and distributes natural oils throughout the hair length. …
2-Mark Questions
Iam green colour box with garbage. Who am I ?
A green coloured box used for garbage is known as a biodegradable waste bin. This type of bin is specifically designed to collect organic waste materials that can be decomposed by natural biological processes, such as food scraps, yard waste, and paper products. Proper segregation of waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories is crucial for effective waste management and recycling efforts, helping to reduce landfill burden and promote environmental sustainability.
Eyes are considered as to the world.
Eyes are considered as the windows to the world. They are our primary sensory organs for vision, allowing us to perceive the vast array of colours, shapes, and movements that make up our surroundings. Through our eyes, we can appreciate the beauty of nature, read books, recognize faces, and navigate our environment safely. Maintaining good eye health is therefore essential for a rich and fulfilling life.
The hair follicles produce which keeps the hair smooth.
The hair follicles produce an oily substance called sebum, which keeps the hair smooth and moisturized. Sebum is a natural lubricant that also helps to protect the scalp from dryness and irritation. The amount of sebum produced can vary among individuals and can be influenced by factors such as genetics, hormones, and environmental conditions. Maintaining a healthy balance of sebum is important for overall hair and scalp health.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Ravi has sound mind and physically fit body. Which refers to
(b) Health
Ch 7Visual Communication | Brain Grain (Term 1)
5-Mark Questions
What is Raster Graphics?
Raster Graphics are created on the basis of PIXELS. The photos taken by camera and the photos scanned by a scanner are of the Raster type. When we enlarge this type of photos we could see the pictures as rectangular layers or grids.
Write notes on 2D and 3D pictures.
Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) pictures differ in the dimensions they represent and how they appear to our eyes. Two-dimensional images have only two dimensions: length and height. These images are flat and appear on a plane surface such as paper or a screen. Examples of 2D images include drawings, paintings, photographs, and diagrams. Three-dimensional images have three dimensions: length, height, and width, also known as depth. These images appear in front of our eyes similar to how objects appear in the real world, giving a sense of depth and space. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Which is the example for an Wimation ?
(b) visual communication
Ch 8Heat and Temperature
5-Mark Questions
Clinical thermometer – A form of energy Normal temperature of human body – 100°C Heat – 37°C Boiling point of water – o°c Melting point of water – Kink
Clinical thermometer is a device used to measure body temperature and has a small temperature range of 35°C to 42°C (or 94°F to 108°F). Heat is a form of energy that flows from a hotter object to a cooler object. The normal temperature of the human body is 37°C (or 98.6°F), which is maintained by various physiological processes. The boiling point of water is 100°C (or 212°F), which is the temperature at which water changes from liquid to gaseous state at standard atmospheric pressure. …
Temperature of Srinagar (J&K) is -4°C and in Kodaikanalis 3°C which of them has greater temperature ? What is the difference between the temperatures of these two places?
Kodaikanal has greater temperature. Temperature of srinagar (J &K) = -4°C Temperature of = 3°C Difference = -4°C + 3°C = 7°C Srinagar is colder than that of kodaikanal.
2-Mark Questions
A clinical thermometer is not used to measure the temperature of air, why?
A clinical thermometer is not used to measure the temperature of air because it has a limited range, typically from 35°C to 42°C (or 95°F to 108°F). This narrow range is designed specifically to measure human body temperature, which normally varies only slightly around 37°C. The temperature of air in the environment can vary much more widely, from well below 0°C in winter to above 50°C in summer, which falls outside the clinical thermometer's measurement range. …
The body temperature of Srinath is 99°F. Is he suffering from fever? If so, why?
Yes, Srinath is suffering from fever. The normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C, which is equivalent to 98.6°F. Srinath's body temperature of 99°F is higher than the normal temperature, indicating that his body temperature has risen above the healthy range. When body temperature exceeds the normal value, it is considered a fever, which is often a sign that the body is fighting an infection or illness. A fever of 99°F is a mild elevation and suggests that Srinath may be unwell and should rest and seek medical attention if the fever persists or worsens.
Draw the diagram of a clinical thermometer and label its parts
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
International unit of measuring temperature is
(a) Kelvin
Ch 9Electricity
5-Mark Questions
Cell – used to open or close a circuit Switch – safety device used in electric circuit Circuit – A complete path for the flow of an electric current Miniature circuit Breaker- Reset by hand, circuit becomes complete once again Fuse – A device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy
A cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, providing a source of power for circuits. A switch is a component used to open or close an electrical circuit, thereby controlling the flow of current. A circuit is defined as a complete and closed path through which electric current can flow. A Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) is a safety device that automatically interrupts the flow of current in a circuit when it detects an overload or short circuit; it can be reset by hand to restore the circuit. …
Define an electric current.
An electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. It is measured by the amount of electric charge moving per unit time at any point in the circuit. Mathematically, electric current is defined as I equals Q divided by t, where I is the current, Q is the charge in coulombs, and t is the time in seconds. The conventional symbol for current is I, and it is measured in amperes (A). One ampere is defined as one coulomb of charge flowing past a point in one second. …
2-Mark Questions
What is the speed of electric current?
Current travels at the speed of 1/100th times the speed of light 0.0002 m/s.
What is the S.I unit of electrical conductivity?
The SI unit of electrical conductivity is Siemens / metres (s/m).
Name the device used to generate electricity.
The device used to generate electricity is an electric cell. An electric cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a chemical reaction inside it. It has two terminals, a positive terminal and a negative terminal, which create a potential difference that drives the flow of electrons through an external circuit. Electric cells are commonly used in flashlights, remote controls, and other portable electronic devices.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
In the circuit shown, which switches (L, M or N) must be closed to light up the
(d) either switch L or switches M and N
Ch 10Changes Around Us
5-Mark Questions
A rough piece of wood is sanded and polished resulting in change in texture, Rusting of a iron nail, Painting the grill, Bending a paper clip, Pounding silver into thin plate, Rolling the chapathi dough into thin wire, Occurrence of day and night, eruption of volcano, burning of matchstick, dosa from the batter, blinking of eyelids, occurrence of a thunderstorm, rotation of the earth, formation of eclipses.
The given examples can be classified into physical and chemical changes. Physical changes are those in which no new substance is formed and the change is generally reversible. Examples of physical changes include: bending a paper clip, pounding silver into thin plate, rolling chapathi dough into thin wire, occurrence of day and night, blinking of eyelids, occurrence of a thunderstorm, rotation of the earth, formation of eclipses, painting the grill, and a rough piece of wood being sanded and polished resulting in change in texture. …
Distinguish physical and chemical changes.
Physical changes and chemical changes differ in several important ways. In physical changes, no new substance is formed; only the physical properties like size, shape, color, or state of matter change. Physical changes are generally reversible, meaning the original substance can be recovered. Examples include melting of ice, tearing of paper, freezing, and evaporation. In contrast, chemical changes result in the formation of new substances with different properties from the original reactants. …
2-Mark Questions
State two examples of periodic changes.
Two examples of periodic changes are seasonal changes and the motion of the hands of a clock. Seasonal changes occur at regular intervals throughout the year, repeating in a cyclical pattern as the Earth moves in its orbit around the sun. The motion of the hands of a clock is also a periodic change because it repeats at fixed intervals, with the hour hand, minute hand, and second hand returning to the same positions after specific time periods.
Mention any two exothermic reactions.
Two examples of exothermic reactions are the burning of a magnesium ribbon and the burning of a candle. In both these reactions, heat energy is released to the surroundings, causing an increase in temperature. When magnesium ribbon burns in air, it produces magnesium oxide and releases a large amount of heat and light. Similarly, when a candle burns, the wax undergoes combustion and releases heat and light energy to the surroundings.
Cold milk is heated and it becomes hot. Which type of change it is?
When cold milk is heated and becomes hot, this is a reversible change. The milk can be cooled back to its original cold state, and the substance remains milk throughout the process. Only the temperature and physical state of the milk change, not its chemical composition, so the change can be reversed by removing the heat.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
When a woolen yarn is knitted to get a sweater, the change can be classified as _________
(a) physical change
Ch 11Cell Biology
5-Mark Questions
Teacher said “A virus is not an organism” Do you agree with this statement or not? Explain Why?
Yes, I agree with the statement that a virus is not an organism. A virus exhibits a unique characteristic where it behaves like a living thing inside the body of a host cell but acts like a non-living thing outside the host. This dual nature makes it difficult to classify as a true organism. Viruses lack the fundamental structures found in all living cells, including a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles. They cannot perform life processes independently and must rely on a host cell to reproduce. …
Why the cell is very important for us?
Cell is the basic structural and functions unit of life. It is the building unit of living organism. A group of cells form a tissue which forms the organ and organ systems. This helps a living organism to do its functions. Hence cell is very important for us. Distinguish between the following pairs Smooth ER and Rough ER Cell wall and cell membrane Chloroplast and mitochondria Smooth ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) It is smooth due to absence of Ribosomes. It helps in transport of steroids and lipids. Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) It is’rough due to presence of Ribosomes. …
2-Mark Questions
Transporting channel – Nucleus Suicidal bag – Endoplasmic reticulum Control room – Lysosome Power house – Chloroplast Food producer – Mitochondria
Transporting channel – Endoplasmic reticulum. Suicidal bag – Lysosome. Control room – Nucleus. Power house – Mitochondria. Food producer – Chloroplast. These are the correct matches between the cell organelles and their functions. The endoplasmic reticulum transports materials throughout the cell, lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are called suicidal bags because they can destroy the cell if they rupture, the nucleus controls all cell activities, mitochondria produce energy through cellular respiration, and chloroplasts produce food through photosynthesis in plant cells.
What are the functions of cell wall in plant cell?
The cell wall in plant cells has several important functions. It provides protection to the plant cell by acting as a protective framework that shields the delicate cell membrane and internal structures from damage. The cell wall maintains the shape and rigidity of the plant cell, giving plants their structural support and allowing them to stand upright. Additionally, the cell wall provides mechanical strength to the plant tissue, allowing plants to withstand external pressures and stresses. …
Which organelle uses energy from sunlight to make starch?
The chloroplast is the organelle that uses energy from sunlight to make starch. Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells that contain the green pigment chlorophyll. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture light energy from the sun and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, which is then converted into starch for storage. This process is essential for plants as it provides them with the energy and organic compounds needed for growth and survival.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Basis unit of life.
(a) Cell
Ch 12Basis of Classification
5-Mark Questions
What is binomial nomenclature?
Binomial nomenclature is a universal system of naming organisms that was developed by Carl Linnaeus. As per this system, each organism has two names – the first is the Genus name and the second is the Species name. The genus name is written first and is always capitalized, while the species name is written second and is written in lowercase. Both names are typically written in italics or underlined. For example, the scientific name of humans is Homo sapiens, where Homo is the genus and sapiens is the species. …
Differentiate plantae and animalia
Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellular eukaryotes that can photosynthesize and produce their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. The cells of plants have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose that provides structural support. Plant cells contain chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs. Plants are generally stationary and cannot move from place to place. Examples of plants include ferns, cone-bearing plants such as pines, and flowering plants such as roses and wheat. …
2-Mark Questions
List out the five kingdoms classification.
The five kingdoms classification system divides all living organisms into five major groups. These kingdoms are Monera, which includes prokaryotic organisms like bacteria; Protista, which contains unicellular and simple multicellular eukaryotes; Fungi, comprising organisms that are heterotrophic and obtain nutrition from dead or living matter; Plantae, which includes all multicellular photosynthetic plants; and Animalia, which contains all multicellular heterotrophic animals. …
Write two examples of Monera.
Two examples of Monera are bacteria and blue green algae. Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms found in diverse environments such as soil, water, and living organisms. Blue green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, are photosynthetic prokaryotes that can be found in aquatic environments and are capable of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere.
Write two features of protista.
Two features of Protista are that it includes unicellular and few simple multicellular eukaryotes with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Another feature is that it includes plant-like protists such as algae, which can photosynthesize, and animal-like protists such as protozoans, which are heterotrophic and move using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia. These organisms are primarily found in aquatic environments and represent a diverse group of organisms that do not fit neatly into other kingdoms.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
The following characteristics are essential for classification.
(c) Both of them
Ch 13Digital Painting
2-Mark Questions
What is Tux Paint ?
Tux Paint is a free drawing program designed for young children to create digital artwork. It provides a simple and user-friendly interface with various drawing tools such as brushes, pencils, shapes, and colors. The program is open source software, meaning it is freely available for anyone to use and modify. Tux Paint helps develop creativity and artistic skills in children by allowing them to draw, paint, and create digital images in an interactive and enjoyable manner.
What is the use of Text Tool ?
The Text Tool in Tux Paint is used to type and insert text into digital drawings and artwork. When selected, the Text Tool allows users to click on the canvas and type words, sentences, or paragraphs that will appear as text on the image. Users can choose different fonts, sizes, and colors for the text to match their artwork. This tool is useful for adding labels, titles, captions, or messages to digital paintings and creations.
What is the Shortcut key for Save option?
Ctrl + S
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Tux paint software is used to
(a) Paint
Ch 14Light
5-Mark Questions
The image formed by the plane mirror is laterally inverted, hence the image seen through the periscope is also laterally inverted
False Correct statement: The image formed by the plane mirror is laterally inverted, hence the image seen through the periscope is This is because in periscope, image is reflected by two mirrors.
1. Rectilinear propagation Primary source of light 2. Rectilinear propagation Non-luminous object 3. Plane Mirror Fire fly Periscope 4. The Moon Pinhole camera 5. Wide light source Spectrum of light 6. Regular reflection luminous object 7. The sun Penumbra 8. Band of seven colors Glossy surface
1. Rectilinear propagation Pinhole camera 2. Rectilinear propagation Periscope 3. Plane Mirror Firefly luminous object 4. The Moon Non-luminous object 5. Wide light source Penumbra 6. Regular reflection Glossy surface 7. The sun Primary source of light 8. Band of seven colors Spectrum of light. These matchings demonstrate key concepts in light and optics. Rectilinear propagation refers to light travelling in straight lines, which is the principle behind both the pinhole camera and periscope. A plane mirror reflects light regularly and is used in a firefly's light production mechanism. …
2-Mark Questions
Rainbow is formed by dispersion of which light by water drops.
Rainbow is formed by dispersion of white light by water drops. When sunlight enters water droplets in the atmosphere, it slows down and bends. Different colors of white light have different wavelengths and bend by different amounts, causing them to separate. This separation of white light into its component colors is called dispersion. As the light exits the water droplet, it bends again and the colors spread out further, creating the spectrum of colors we see as a rainbow.
What are luminous objects?
Luminous objects are all objects which emit light energy by themselves. These objects produce their own light through various processes such as combustion, incandescence, or chemical reactions. Examples of luminous objects include the sun, which produces light through nuclear fusion, electric bulbs, which produce light through heating of a filament, candles, which produce light through combustion, and fireflies, which produce light through bioluminescence. …
Is thr moon a luminous object?
No, the moon is not a luminous object. The reason is that the moon does not produce its own light. Instead, it reflects the light of the sun falling on its surface. The moon is therefore a non-luminous object that appears bright in the night sky only because of the sunlight reflected from its surface. We can see the moon because the reflected sunlight reaches our eyes. The brightness of the moon depends on the position of the sun and moon relative to Earth, which is why the moon appears to have different phases throughout the month.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Light travels only in a ______ .It is because of this property that.
(b) straight line, shadows
Ch 15Universal and Space
5-Mark Questions
What is epicyclic model?
The epicyclic model was proposed by early astronomers to explain the complex motions of celestial bodies observed in the sky. In this model, a small circle called an epicycle has its center located on the circumference of a larger circle called a deferent. The planets were thought to move along these epicycles while the deferent itself revolved around a fixed central Earth. This geocentric model was developed to account for phenomena such as the retrograde motion of planets, where planets appear to move backward in the sky at certain times. …
Explain the waxing and waning phases in Venus.
As the Venus went around the epicycle, as shown in the diagram Venus would exhibit phases. Also at times the planet would be nearer, making the apparent size grow bigger and at times far making the apparent size smaller. If the Venus was going around the Sun, and its orbit is inside that of Earth, Venus would appear always near the Sun in the sky. It can never be seen in the midnight sky. Two when it is near the Earth, it would be brighter and bigger compared to when it is on the other side of the Sun. …
2-Mark Questions
1. Rohini GSLV-Mark III 2. GSAT-14 GSLV Mark III D l 3. GSAT-19 SLV-3 4. Chandrayaan-2 PSLV-XL C25 5. Mangalyaan GSLV-D5
1. Rohini was launched using SLV-3, India's first satellite launch vehicle. 2. GSAT-14 was launched using GSLV-D5, demonstrating India's capability to launch heavy satellites into geostationary orbit. 3. GSAT-19 was launched using GSLV Mark III D1, which is India's most powerful launch vehicle. 4. Chandrayaan-2, India's lunar mission, was launched using GSLV-Mark III, enabling the country to reach the Moon. 5. Mangalyaan, India's Mars Orbiter Mission, was successfully launched using PSLV-XL C25, making India the first country to reach Mars in its first attempt.
Number of days taken by the Mars to orbit around the Sun.
Mars takes approximately 687 days to complete one full orbit around the Sun. This orbital period is significantly longer than Earth's 365 days because Mars is located farther from the Sun than Earth. The greater distance means Mars must travel a much longer path in its orbit, and it moves more slowly in its orbit due to the weaker gravitational pull from the Sun at that distance. This extended orbital period is an important characteristic that distinguishes Mars from the inner planets of our solar system.
In which phase does the size of the planet Venus is small?
The size of the planet Venus appears smallest when it is in the crescent phase. During the crescent phase, Venus is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, and from Earth's perspective, only a small illuminated portion of Venus is visible. This occurs when Venus is closest to the Sun in its orbit, making it appear as a thin crescent in the sky. In contrast, when Venus is in the gibbous phase, it appears larger because it is farther from Earth, even though a larger portion of its surface is illuminated.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
The Moon takes ________ days to complete one revolution around the Earth.
(c) 27
Ch 16Polymer Chemistry
5-Mark Questions
1. Mix water, starch, vinegar and glycerin in a cooking pot. 2. Let the article cool for 24 hours before we use it. 3. Shape material to form a cup or bowl. 4. Continuously mix on medium heat until the liquid turns clear. 5. When the liquid begins to bubble it is ready to be taken off the stove. 6. Spread the gel onto aluminium foil and cool.
1. Mix water, starch, vinegar and glycerin in a cooking pot. 4. Continuously mix on medium heat until the liquid turns clear. 5. When the liquid begins to bubble it is ready to be taken off the stove. 6. Spread the gel onto aluminium foil and cool. 3. Shape material to form a cup or bowl. 2. Let the article cool for 24 hours before we use it.
It is not advisable to burn plastic and synthetic fabrics. Why?
Burning of plastics and synthetic fabrics is not a good solution, as we end up wasting non-renewable resources and produce super toxic chemicals that are difficult to store or dispose safely.
2-Mark Questions
A B 1. Nylon Thermoplastic 2. PVC Thermosetting plastic 3. Bakelite Fibre 4. Teflon Wood pulp 5. Rayon Non-stick cookwares
A B 1. Nylon Fibre 2. PVC Thermoplastic 3. Bakelite Thermosetting plastic 4. Teflon Non-stick cookwares 5. Rayon Wood pulp
What is the chemical name of the polymers that make up cotton?
The chemical name of the polymer that makes up cotton is cellulose. Cellulose is a natural polysaccharide composed of long chains of glucose units linked together. It is the primary structural component of plant cell walls and is the most abundant organic polymer found in nature, making it an ideal material for producing natural fibres and textiles.
What gives plastic different qualities and characteristics?
Different chemicals called additives are added to plastic to give them various qualities and characteristics. These additives can include plasticizers to increase flexibility, stabilizers to prevent degradation, colorants for pigmentation, flame retardants for fire resistance, and other compounds that modify properties such as hardness, transparency, durability, and resistance to heat or chemicals, allowing plastics to be customized for specific applications.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
The first man-made fibre is ________
(c) Rayon
Ch 17Chemistry in Daily Life
5-Mark Questions
1. Antipyretic Reduce pain 2. Analgesic Reduce body temperature 3. Antacid Spontaneous combustion 4. Phosphorus ORS Solution 5. Carbon – di – oxide Leads to respiratory problem
The correct matching is as follows: Antipyretic substances reduce body temperature during fever by acting on the temperature control center of the brain. Analgesic substances reduce pain and discomfort in the body. Antacid substances neutralize excess acid in the stomach and are used to treat acidity and indigestion, and ORS solution is used to treat dehydration. Phosphorus undergoes spontaneous combustion, meaning it can catch fire on its own at room temperature without an external source of ignition because it has a very low ignition temperature. …
Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?
Medicines should not be taken without consulting doctors for several important reasons. First, a doctor can correctly diagnose the disease and prescribe the appropriate medicine for that specific condition. Taking the wrong medicine for a disease will not cure it and may actually cause harmful side effects to the body. Second, different people may have different allergies, medical conditions, or may be taking other medicines that could interact negatively with a new medicine. …
2-Mark Questions
Name a substance which can be used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant.
Iodine is a substance that can be used as both an antiseptic and a disinfectant. When used in dilute form, iodine acts as an antiseptic and is applied to wounds and cuts on the skin to prevent infection. In more concentrated forms, iodine can be used as a disinfectant to sterilize surfaces and equipment. Other examples include alcohol and hydrogen peroxide, which can also serve both purposes depending on their concentration and application.
What are the main constituents of dettol?
The main constituents of Dettol are chloroxylenol and terpineol. Chloroxylenol is the active antimicrobial agent that kills bacteria and other microorganisms, while terpineol is a natural oil that provides a pleasant fragrance and helps in the formulation. These two components work together to make Dettol an effective disinfectant and antiseptic for cleaning wounds and surfaces.
Name the unit in which the calorific value of a fuel is expressed.
KJ/Kg.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
A drug effective in the treatment of pneumonia, and bronchitis, is ______
(c) Penicillin
Ch 18Animals in Daily Life
5-Mark Questions
Write about any three uses of silk.
Silk has numerous important uses across different sectors. First, it is extensively used in the manufacture of clothing due to its natural beauty, elegance, and luxurious appearance. Silk provides comfort in warm weather by allowing air circulation and moisture evaporation, while also providing warmth during colder months, making it suitable for year-round wear. It is particularly valued in the production of classical and high fashion garments, including traditional silk sarees and modern elegant dresses that showcase its lustrous quality. …
Write about Ahimsa Silk.
Ahimsa silk, also known as Peace silk, is a humane method of silk production that was proposed in 1992 by Kusuma Rajaiah, a Government officer from Andhra Pradesh state of India. This innovative approach was developed as an ethical alternative to traditional silk manufacturing methods. In conventional silk production, cocoons containing silkworm pupae are boiled to extract the silk threads, which results in the death of the worms inside. Ahimsa silk eliminates this harmful practice by allowing the silkworms to complete their natural life cycle and hatch from their cocoons. …
2-Mark Questions
1. Cocoons Meat 2. Peace silk Poultry 3. Broilers Silk worm 4. Sweet Liquid Andhra pradesh 5. Goat Honey
The correct matching is as follows: Cocoons are produced by Silk worm. Peace silk is otherwise known as Ahimsa silk, which is produced in Andhra Pradesh. Broilers are a type of Poultry raised for meat production. Sweet Liquid refers to Honey, which is produced by honeybees. Goat provides Meat as a food product. These matchings represent important animal-derived products and the animals or regions associated with them in daily life and agriculture.
Write about any two dairy products.
Two important dairy products are paneer and cheese. Paneer is a fresh cheese made by curdling milk with an acid and is widely consumed in Indian cuisine. Cheese is another dairy product made through a fermentation process where milk is curdled and the whey is separated from the curds. Both paneer and cheese are highly nutritious foods that contain significant amounts of protein and calcium, which are essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. These dairy products are made directly from milk and are important sources of nutrition in the daily diet.
What are the two types of fibres that are obtained from animals?
The two types of fibres obtained from animals are wool and silk. Wool is obtained from the fleece of sheep and goats through a process called shearing. The fleece is then cleaned, carded, and spun into yarn that can be used to make clothing and other textile products. Silk fibre is obtained from the cocoon of the silk worm, which is the larva of the silk moth. The silk worm secretes a continuous filament that hardens into silk, and this fibre is extracted by unwinding the cocoon. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
__________ is the daily essential product which is obtained from cattle.
(b) Milk
Ch 19Visual Communication | Brain Grain (Term 3)
5-Mark Questions
What is the use for Text document software?
Text document software is used to create, edit, and store textual information in a structured and organized manner. A text file is used to store standard and structured textual data or information that is human readable and can be easily accessed and modified. Text documents are defined in several different formats to ensure compatibility across different platforms and operating systems. The most popular format is ASCII, which is widely used for cross-platform usage and allows documents to be opened on various computers and devices regardless of the operating system. …
What is selecting text?
Selecting text is the process of highlighting text or picking an object in a document or application to prepare it for further action. When a user selects text, they mark a specific portion of content that they want to work with. For example, a user may select text in order to copy it to another location, cut it to remove it from the current position, or move that text to an alternate location within the document or to a different document entirely. Users can also select files or objects they want to view, open, or manipulate. …
2-Mark Questions
How to close a document?
To close a document in a text document software application, you can use either of two methods. The first method is to select the File menu from the menu bar at the top of the window, then click on the Close command option. The second method is to click the Close icon if it is visible on the Standard toolbar, which typically appears as an X button. Either approach will close the current document you are working on. If you have made unsaved changes to the document, the application will usually prompt you to save your work before closing.
What is right alignment?
Right alignment is a text formatting technique where text or content is aligned along the right margin or right edge of a page or containing element. When right alignment is applied, the text starts from the right side and extends toward the left, creating a flush right edge while the left edge remains uneven or ragged. This formatting is commonly used in documents, presentations, and web pages to create specific visual layouts or to align text in particular directions, such as in right-to-left languages or for stylistic purposes in document design.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
The Keyboard shortcut is used to copy the selected text
(a) Ctrl+c
Frequently asked questions
- What are derived quantities?
- Derived quantities are physical quantities that can be obtained by multiplying, dividing, or mathematically combining fundamental quantities. They are expressed in terms of fundamental quantities, which are the basic quantities that cannot be derived from other quantities. Examples of fundamental quantities include length, mass, and time. Derived quantities, on the other hand, are quantities that depend on fundamental quantities and are expressed using combinations of them. …
- Distinguish between the volume of liquid and capacity of a container.
- Volume of liquid and capacity of a container are related but distinct concepts. Volume of liquid refers to the amount of space occupied by a liquid and is measured in cubic units such as cubic centimeters or cubic meters. It is calculated based on the dimensions of the liquid itself. Capacity of a container, on the other hand, refers to the maximum amount of substance that a container can hold, whether that substance is a solid, liquid, or gas. Capacity is typically measured in liters, milliliters, gallons, or other volume-based units. …
- 1L, 100 cc, 10 L, 10 cc
- The correct order from smallest to largest is: 10 cc, 100 cc, 1 L, 10 L. To arrange these volumes in ascending order, we need to convert them to the same unit. Since 1 liter equals 1000 cubic centimeters, we have 10 cc, 100 cc, 1000 cc, and 10000 cc respectively. Therefore, the ascending order is 10 cc, 100 cc, 1 L, 10 L.
- Copper, Aluminium, Gold, Iron
- The correct order of metals from least dense to most dense is: Aluminium, Iron, Copper, Gold. Aluminium has the lowest density at approximately 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter, followed by Iron at approximately 7.8 grams per cubic centimeter, then Copper at approximately 8.9 grams per cubic centimeter, and finally Gold which is the densest at approximately 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter. This ordering reflects how tightly the atoms of each metal are packed together.
These important questions are selected from the Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Science textbook book-back exercises to help you revise the most useful questions. Mark weightage (5/2/1) follows the usual exam pattern and may vary by exam — always check your latest syllabus and question pattern. Open each chapter for the complete set of questions and answers.