Samacheer Class 6 Social Science - Great Thinkers and New Faiths

Sangha, meaning ‘association’ for the propagation of Buddha’s faith.
It was formed to propagate Buddha’s faith.
The members were called Bhikshus (monks).
They led a life of austerity.

Silapathikaram mentions that when Kovalan and Kannagi were on their way to Madurai, Gownthiyadigal a female Jain monk blessed the couple and accompanied them.

Ahimsa – not to injure any living beings
Satya – to speak the truth
Asteya – not to steal
Aparigraha – not to own property
Brahmacharya – Celibacy

Life is full of sorrow and misery.
Desire is the cause of misery.
Sorrows and sufferings can be removed by giving up one’s desire.
The desire can be overcome by following the right path (Noble eightfold path)

Hinayana
Did not worship idols or images of Buddha.
Practiced austerity.
Believed that Salvation of the individual as its goal.
Used Prakrit language.
Confined to India.
Mahayana
Worshiped images of Buddha.
Observed elaborate rituals.
Believed that the salvation of all beings as its objective.
Used Sanskrit language.
Spread to Central Asia, Ceylon, Burma, Nepal, Tibet, China, Japan, where the middle path was accepted.

(i) In ancient Tamil literature, Jainism is referred to as Samanam. There is a Samanar Hill or Samanar Malai in Keelakuyilkudi village, 15 km away from Madurai. The images of Tirthankaras created by Jain monks are found in the hill. It is a protected monument of the Archaeological Survey of India.
(ii) There is a reference to Aravor Palli, a place of living for Jain monks, in Manimegalai.
(iii) Buddhism spread to Tamil Nadu much later than Jainism. Manimekalai, one of the epics of the post-Sangam age is Buddhist literature.
(iv) There is an elaborate description of Kanchipuram in the classical epic Manimegalai.

At the age of 29, Siddhartha saw four sorrowful sights. They were
An uncared old man in rags with his bent back.
A sick man suffering from an incurable disease.
A man’s corpse being carried to the burial ground by weeping relatives.
An ascetic.

Help a friend in need
Let your first good deed be to a charity
Plant a tree
Donate an old cell phone
Donate blood
Decide to make one change in yourself that will make you a better person.
Swallow your pride and apologize for something you have done – whether big or small.
Donate school supplies to children from underprivileged homes.
Answer the phone in a cheerful voice.
When you are out buying food purchase, an extra item to donate to a food pantry or to a homeless person.

Hinduism:
Dasavathara
Rudhthrava tandava
Siva – Vishnu
Maha Kumba Mela
Manu dharma
Christianity :
Crucified
Holy See
Nazareth
Sermon on the Mount
12 Disciples
Islam:
Mecca
786
Hijiri
The Quran
Mohamed Nabi
Buddhism:
Hinayana
Bodh Gaya
Dhamma
Tripitakkas
Stupas
Jainism :
Tirthankaras
Svethambara
Aravar Palli
Gownthiyadigal
Trirathnas

Left to right:
1. One of the Tri Rathna: Right
2. Buddha’s teachings are referred to as
3. A great center of education
4. The place where Buddha attained enlightenment
5. Not to injure any living being
Right to left:
6. Mother of Siddhartha Maya
7. The Quality of man’s life depends on his deed
Top to bottom:
8. Lumbini is in
9. Buddhist prayer hall
10. A state of freedom from birth
11. Jain scripture compiled by Gautama Swami.

Mahavira reviewed the ancient Shamanic traditions and came up with new doctrines.
Therefore he is believed to be the real founder of Jainism.