- (a). Mumbai and Nagpur
- (b). Silchar and Porbandar
- (c). Mumbai and Kolkata
- (d). Nagpur and Siligudi
The East-West Corridor links Silchar in Assam with Porbandar in Gujarat.
(b) Silchar and Porbandar
- (a). Railways
- (b). Roadways
- (c). Pipeline
- (d). Waterways
Pipelines move liquids, gases and even slurries continuously without repeated loading and unloading.
(c) Pipeline
- (a). Madhya Pradesh
- (b). Maharashtra
- (c). Gujarat
- (d). Uttar Pradesh
The Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur network links Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, not Maharashtra.
(b) Maharashtra
- (a). Chennai
- (b). Paradwip
- (c). V.O. Chidambaranar (Tuticorin)
- (d). Vishakhapatnam
Visakhapatnam is described as the deepest landlocked and well-protected east-coast port.
(d) Vishakhapatnam
- (a). Pipeline
- (b). Railways
- (c). Roadways
- (d). Airways
The chapter identifies railways as the principal mode for freight and passengers over long distances.
(b) Railways
- (a). Internal trade
- (b). International trade
- (c). External trade
- (d). Local trade
International trade is exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.
(b) International trade
Grounded in the comparison of roads and railways.
Roads have lower construction cost than railways, provide door-to-door service and connect farms, villages and difficult terrain. They also act as feeders to railways, ports and airports.
Grounded in the geographical distribution of railways.
Rail transport is most convenient on the level, densely populated northern plains, where continuous terrain allows extensive networks and large populations, agriculture and industries generate heavy passenger and freight traffic.
Grounded in the Border Roads Organisation passage.
Border roads improve access to difficult frontier areas, support defence movement and surveillance, connect remote communities with markets and services, and promote economic development in otherwise inaccessible regions.
Grounded in the trade definition.
Trade is exchange of goods and services. Local trade occurs within a town, region or country, whereas international trade crosses national boundaries and is recorded as imports and exports.
Synthesises the chapter’s transport and communication functions.
Transport links producers, markets and consumers by moving raw materials, workers and finished goods. Roads, railways, pipelines, waterways and airways integrate distant regions, support agriculture and industry, deliver relief and strengthen national defence. Communication systems carry information, prices, knowledge and decisions rapidly, allowing services, trade and administration to function. Together they reduce distance, promote mobility and national integration, and connect India with world markets through ports and telecommunications. Without reliable movement and communication, production would remain isolated, goods could not reach buyers and economic specialisation would break down. They are therefore lifelines because nearly every social and economic activity depends on them.
Grounded in the chapter’s trade composition and service-sector discussion.
India’s international trade has shifted from mainly exporting primary products toward a more varied exchange of manufactured goods, engineering products, petroleum products, chemicals, gems and jewellery, alongside agricultural and mineral items. Imports include petroleum, machinery, electronics, chemicals and other inputs required by a growing economy. Information technology and other services have become major foreign-exchange earners, so trade is no longer confined to physical goods. Liberalisation, improved transport and communications, multinational production and expanding global markets have increased both volume and complexity. The balance of trade depends on whether export earnings exceed the value of imports, with energy imports remaining especially important.