CBSE · NCERT · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 7

NCERT Solutions: Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 - Alternating Current

8 textbook Q&A8 verifiedFree Content

Chapter-wise NCERT intext questions and exercise answers for Alternating Current, grounded in the official textbook.

Questions are taken verbatim from the NCERT textbook; answers were grounded against the chapter's content during generation. Items needing review are marked.
Sections in this chapter
Exercises 8
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1Exercises8 questions
Q.7.1A 100 Ω resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. (a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit? (b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle?v
Solution

For a pure resistor, $I_{\text{rms}}=V_{\text{rms}}/R=220/100=2.2\,\text{A}$. The average power over a full cycle is $P=V_{\text{rms}}I_{\text{rms}}=220(2.2)=484\,\text{W}$, equivalently $V^2/R$.

Answer:

(a) $2.2\,\text{A}$. (b) $484\,\text{W}$.

Q.7.2(a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V. What is the rms voltage? (b) The rms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A. What is the peak current?v
Solution

For sinusoidal ac, $V_{\text{rms}}=V_0/\sqrt2$ and $I_0=\sqrt2 I_{\text{rms}}$. Thus $V_{\text{rms}}=300/\sqrt2=212\,\text{V}$ and $I_0=\sqrt2(10)=14.1\,\text{A}$.

Answer:

(a) $212\,\text{V}$. (b) $14.1\,\text{A}$.

Q.7.3A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms value of the current in the circuit.v
Solution

The inductive reactance is $X_L=\omega L=2\pi fL=2\pi(50)(44\times10^{-3})=13.8\,\Omega$. Hence $I_{\text{rms}}=V_{\text{rms}}/X_L=220/13.8=15.9\,\text{A}$.

Answer:

$15.9\,\text{A}$.

Q.7.4A 60 μF capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms value of the current in the circuit.v
Solution

The capacitive reactance is $X_C=1/(\omega C)=1/[2\pi(60)(60\times10^{-6})]=44.2\,\Omega$. Therefore $I_{\text{rms}}=V_{\text{rms}}/X_C=110/44.2=2.49\,\text{A}$.

Answer:

$2.5\,\text{A}$.

Q.7.5In Exercises 7.3 and 7.4, what is the net power absorbed by each circuit over a complete cycle. Explain your answer.v
Solution

An ideal inductor and an ideal capacitor do not dissipate energy over a full ac cycle. In each half-cycle, energy is alternately stored in and returned from the magnetic field of the inductor or electric field of the capacitor. Therefore the average power absorbed over a complete cycle is zero.

Answer:

Zero in both circuits.

Q.7.6A charged 30 μF capacitor is connected to a 27 mH inductor. What is the angular frequency of free oscillations of the circuit?v
Solution

The angular frequency of free LC oscillations is $\omega_0=1/\sqrt{LC}$. With $L=27\times10^{-3}\,\text{H}$ and $C=30\times10^{-6}\,\text{F}$, $\omega_0=1/\sqrt{(27\times10^{-3})(30\times10^{-6})}=1.11\times10^3\,\text{rad s}^{-1}$.

Answer:

$1.1\times10^3\,\text{rad s}^{-1}$.

Q.7.7A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ω, L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, what is the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?v
Solution

At resonance, $X_L=X_C$, so the impedance is just $R$. The rms current is $I=V/R=200/20=10\,\text{A}$. Average power is $P=I^2R=10^2(20)=2.0\times10^3\,\text{W}$.

Answer:

$2.0\times10^3\,\text{W}$.

Q.7.8Figure 7.17 shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency 230 V source. L = 5.0 H, C = 80μF, R = 40 Ω. (a) Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in resonance. (b) Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of current at the resonating frequency. (c) Determine the rms potential drops across the three elements of the circuit. Show that the potential drop across the LC combination is zero at the resonating frequency.v
Solution

At resonance, $\omega_0=1/\sqrt{LC}=1/\sqrt{5.0(80\times10^{-6})}=50\,\text{rad s}^{-1}$, so $f_0=\omega_0/(2\pi)=7.96\,\text{Hz}$. At resonance, $Z=R=40\,\Omega$. With $V_{\text{rms}}=230\,\text{V}$, $I_{\text{rms}}=230/40=5.75\,\text{A}$ and the current amplitude is $I_0=\sqrt2 I_{\text{rms}}=8.13\,\text{A}$. The reactances are $X_L=\omega_0L=250\,\Omega$ and $X_C=1/(\omega_0C)=250\,\Omega$. Hence $V_R=I_{\text{rms}}R=230\,\text{V}$, $V_L=I_{\text{rms}}X_L=1437.5\,\text{V}$ and $V_C=1437.5\,\text{V}$. Since $V_L$ leads the current by $90^\circ$ and $V_C$ lags by $90^\circ$, their phasor sum is zero.

Answer:

(a) $7.96\,\text{Hz}$. (b) $Z=40\,\Omega$ and current amplitude $8.13\,\text{A}$. (c) $V_R=230\,\text{V}$, $V_L=1.44\times10^3\,\text{V}$, $V_C=1.44\times10^3\,\text{V}$; the LC drops cancel because they are equal and opposite in phase.