- a. India and Burma
- b. India and Nepal
- c. India and China
- d. India and Bhutan
The McMahon Line demarcates the boundary between India (Arunachal Pradesh) and China (Tibet).
c
- a. 2 only
- b. 2 and 4
- c. 2, 4 and 1
- d. 1, 2 and 3
India is a member of G20 (1), SAARC (3) and BRICS (4). It is not a member of ASEAN (2) — hence '2 only'.
a
- a. An international insurance Co.
- b. An international sports club
- c. An Organisation of Oil Exporting Countries
- d. An international company
OPEC stands for the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (commonly described as Organisation of Oil Exporting Countries).
c
- a. Bangladesh
- b. Myanmar
- c. Afghanistan
- d. China
India shares its longest land border with Bangladesh (the India–Bangladesh border is the longest international land boundary for India).
a
- a. 5
- b. 6
- c. 7
- d. 8
India shares land borders with seven countries: Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Afghanistan. (Option c).
c
- a. Sri Lanka and Andaman island
- b. Maldieves and Lakshadweep island
- c. Maldieves and Nicobar island
- d. Sri Lanka and Maldives
The two neighbouring island countries of India are Sri Lanka and Maldives. (Option d). Note: corrected spelling 'Maldieves' → 'Maldives'.
d
- a. Arunachal Pradesh
- b. Meghalaya
- c. Mizoram
- d. Assam
Arunachal Pradesh borders China, Myanmar and Bhutan — three countries. (Option a).
a
- a. Five
- b. Four
- c. Three
- d. Two
Five Indian states share a boundary with Nepal: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim. (Option a).
a
- a. Lord Mountbatten
- b. Sir Cyril Radcliffe
- c. Clement Atlee
- d. None of the above
Sir Cyril Radcliffe chaired the Boundary Commission and drew up the borders for independent Pakistan. (Option b).
b
Bhutan is a small Himalayan kingdom located to the north-east of India.
Bhutan
Geographically and strategically, Myanmar serves as India's gateway to Southeast Asia.
Myanmar
The Tin Bigha Corridor is a narrow strip of land in West Bengal associated with India–Bangladesh border access arrangements.
Tin Bigha Corridor
Bhutan is commonly called 'Druk Yul'—the Land of the Thunder Dragon (often rendered in English as Land of the Thunderbolt/Thunder Dragon).
Bhutan
The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project includes Sittwe seaport (shipping), inland water transport on the Kaladan river, and road links from Paletwa (Myanmar) to Mizoram (India). It does not include railways.
Roads, shipping and inland water transport (i.e., road, sea/port and river transport)
- a. India and Burma
- b. India and Nepal
- c. India and China
- d. India and Bhutan
The McMahon Line marks the boundary between India (Arunachal Pradesh) and China (Tibet).
c
- a. 2 only
- b. 2 and 4
- c. 2, 4 and 1
- d. 1, 2 and 3
India is not a member of ASEAN (2) but is a member of G20 (1), SAARC (3) and BRICS (4).
a
- a. An international insurance Co.
- b. An international sports club
- c. An Organisation of Oil Exporting Countries
- d. An international company
OPEC is the Organisation of Petroleum (Oil) Exporting Countries.
c
- a. Bangladesh
- b. Myanmar
- c. Afghanistan
- d. China
Bangladesh shares the longest land boundary with India.
a
- a. 3 1 4 2
- b. 3 1 2 4
- c. 3 4 1 2
- d. 4 3 2 1
Salma Dam — Afghanistan (3); Farakka accord — Bangladesh (1); Chukha hydroelectric project — Bhutan (4); Sharda River project — Nepal (2). Hence sequence 3 1 4 2 (option a).
a
- a. 5
- b. 6
- c. 7
- d. 8
Seven land neighbours: Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Afghanistan. (Option c).
c
- a. Sri Lanka and Andaman island
- b. Maldieves and Lakshadweep island
- c. Maldieves and Nicobar island
- d. Sri Lanka and Maldieves
Corrected option text: 'Sri Lanka and Maldives' — these are India's neighbouring island countries. (Option d).
d
- a. Arunachal Pradesh
- b. Meghalaya
- c. Mizoram
- d. Assam
Arunachal Pradesh borders China, Myanmar and Bhutan. (Option a).
a
- a. Five
- b. Four
- c. Three
- d. Two
Five states border Nepal: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim. (Option a).
a
- a. Lord Mountbatten
- b. Sir Cyril Radcliffe
- c. Clement Atlee
- d. None of the above
The boundary lines for Pakistan were drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe. (Option b).
b
Bhutan is the small Himalayan kingdom referred to.
Bhutan
Myanmar is considered India's gateway to Southeast Asia.
Myanmar
The Tin Bigha Corridor is the narrow strip of land referred to on the India–Bangladesh border in West Bengal.
Tin Bigha Corridor
Bhutan (Druk Yul) is known as the Land of the Thunder Dragon / Thunderbolt.
Bhutan
- a. 1, 2 and 3 only
- b. 1, 3 and 4 only
- c. 2, 3 and 4 only
- d. 1, 2, 3 and 4
The Kaladan project comprises roads (1), shipping/port (3) and inland water transport (4). It does not include railways (2).
b
- a. 3 1 4 2
- b. 3 1 2 4
- c. 3 4 1 2
- d. 4 3 2 1
Salma Dam — Afghanistan (3); Farakka accord — Bangladesh (1); Chukha hydroelectric project — Bhutan (4); Sharda River project — Nepal (2). So sequence: 3 1 4 2 (option a).
a
Matches: Brandix — Garment city in Visakhapatnam; COMCASA — USA; Shinkansen system — Japan; BRICS — (represented by) Shanghai (China); OPEC — Vienna.
1 → Garment city in Vishakapatnam; 2 → USA; 3 → Japan; 4 → Shanghai; 5 → Vienna.
- a. 3 1 4 2
- b. 3 1 2 4
- c. 3 4 1 2
- d. 4 3 2 1
i) Salma Dam — Afghanistan (3); ii) Farakka accord — Bangladesh (1); iii) Chukha hydroelectric project — Bhutan (4); iv) Sharda River project — Nepal (2). So 3 1 4 2 (option a).
a
List: Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Afghanistan (land); Sri Lanka, Maldives (island/maritime neighbours).
India's neighbouring countries are Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Afghanistan (land neighbours); Sri Lanka and Maldives (maritime neighbours).
Key points: long-term, multi-sectoral cooperation; high-level political dialogue; defence and security cooperation; economic and technological collaboration.
A Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) is a formal framework between two countries to deepen long-term cooperation across strategic areas such as defence, security, trade, technology and diplomacy. It outlines shared priorities, regular high-level consultations, joint exercises or projects, and mechanisms for coordination to advance mutual strategic interests.
Key points: components—Sittwe port development, river transport, road construction; purpose—alternate access to Northeast India, regional connectivity and strategic cooperation with Myanmar.
The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project links India's eastern seaport (Kolkata) to Sittwe port in Myanmar, then inland water transport on the Kaladan River to Paletwa and a road from Paletwa to the India–Myanmar border, providing an alternative route to India's Northeast. It improves connectivity, shortens transit time, and enhances strategic and economic links with Myanmar.
The Japan India Institute for Manufacturing (JIM) is a skill‑development initiative set up with Japanese cooperation to provide vocational training in manufacturing trades, promote Japanese best practices and quality standards, create industry‑ready technicians, and strengthen linkages between industry and training centres.
JIM trains Indian youth in modern manufacturing skills using Japanese techniques to improve employability and meet industry needs.
India’s development of Iran’s Chabahar port (via agreements with Iran and cooperation with Afghanistan) provides a direct sea–land route to Afghanistan and Central Asia, reduces transit dependence on Pakistan, facilitates trade and humanitarian supply routes, enhances regional connectivity and energy trade, and serves India’s strategic interests in countering competitors’ influence in the region.
The Chabahar agreement gives India strategic access to Afghanistan and Central Asia via Iran, improves regional connectivity and trade, bypasses Pakistan, and strengthens India–Iran economic and strategic ties.
BRICS is an association of five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (South Africa joined in 2010).
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
India is a member of many multilateral groupings. Five common examples are: the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the G20, BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) and the Commonwealth of Nations. (Other valid examples: IMF, World Bank, SAARC, Shanghai Cooperation Organization.)
Examples: United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO), G20, BRICS, Commonwealth of Nations.
Reasons: rising influence of emerging economies, need for collective voice and reform of global governance. Objectives: economic cooperation, institutional reform (IMF/World Bank), development finance (New Development Bank), trade/investment promotion, political coordination.
BRICS (originally BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China; South Africa joined in 2010) formed to increase cooperation among major emerging economies, provide a platform to voice developing countries' interests, and push for reform of global financial and governance institutions. Objectives include: 1) Promote economic cooperation and growth among member states; 2) Coordinate positions on global economic and political issues; 3) Advocate reform of IMF/World Bank and greater representation for emerging economies; 4) Enhance trade and investment links and create institutions like the New Development Bank for infrastructure financing; 5) Strengthen South–South cooperation and multilateralism.
Summarized: OPEC seeks market stability and fair returns to producers; its coordination impacts global supply and prices, which in turn affects economic planning in importing countries.
OPEC's missions: 1) Coordinate and unify petroleum policies of member countries; 2) Secure steady income for producers and a regular supply of petroleum for consumers; 3) Stabilize oil markets to avoid harmful fluctuations in prices. How it helps other countries: OPEC contributes to global oil market stability which benefits consuming countries by reducing extreme price volatility; it provides data and forecasts useful for energy planning; and diplomatic engagement with non-members can help manage supply disruptions. However, OPEC policies primarily reflect members' interests and can affect global prices.
Concise highlights: BRICS—emerging-economy cooperation and New Development Bank; G20—global economic policy and leadership role; BIMSTEC/SAARC—regional connectivity and development focus. India's participation aims at economic growth, strategic influence and reform of global institutions.
Three important groupings and India's role: 1) BRICS – India is a founding member; it promotes cooperation among emerging economies, supports the New Development Bank and seeks reform of global financial institutions. 2) G20 – India participates as a major economy, shaping global economic policy, sustainable development and reform agendas; it hosts summit-level dialogues. 3) BIMSTEC/SAARC (regional grouping) – India uses these to enhance regional cooperation (trade, connectivity, security) in South Asia and the Bay of Bengal region; BIMSTEC is an alternative platform emphasizing India–Bay of Bengal ties. For each grouping India advances economic diplomacy, development cooperation, and seeks greater voice for developing nations in global governance.
Suggested steps: gather clippings, categorize by region/theme (trade, defence, development), summarize key facts, and present as a short report or display.
Activity guidance: Collect and paste newspaper clippings on recent bilateral/multilateral visits, trade agreements, aid/assistance, infrastructure projects, defence agreements and diplomatic statements. For each item note: date, countries involved, nature of cooperation, and local impact. Prepare a brief summary and present findings.
Suggested deliverables: album with captions, one-page summary for each project, and a 5–10 minute group presentation.
Project guidance: Form groups, research recent India–neighbour projects (e.g., infrastructure, ports, roads, energy), collect photos and captions, note dates, funding and benefits, and assemble into a labeled album with a short summary for each project. Present findings to class.
- a. A is correct and R is the correct explanation of A
- b. A is correct and R is not the correct explanation of A
- c. A is wrong and R is correct
- d. Both are wrong
Both statements are correct. India and France jointly launched the International Solar Alliance (ISA) at COP21 in 2015. The ISA aims to bring together countries located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn to promote cooperation in solar energy deployment and mobilise finance and technology.
a