- a. Wahhabi Rebellion
- b. Farazi Movement
- c. Tribal uprising
- d. Kol Revolt
Haji Shariatullah founded the Faraizi (Farazi) movement in 1818 in East Bengal to reform Muslim practices and resist oppressive landlords.
b
The Wahhabi (Wahabi) movement in India was an anti-imperial and anti-landlord Islamic reform and resistance movement that became active around the 1820s.
Wahhabi (Wahabi) movement
- a. Titu Mir
- b. Sidhu
- c. Dudu Mian
- d. Birsa Munda
Titu Mir (Titumir) declared that land belonged to God and opposed collection of rent/tax; he led a peasant-Muslim revolt in the 1830s.
a
The major tribal revolt in the Chotanagpur region was the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) led by Birsa Munda around 1899–1900.
Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) led by Birsa Munda
- a. Santhals
- b. Titu Mir
- c. Munda
- d. Kol
The Santhals were displaced from their lands due to zamindari expansion under the Permanent Settlement, which contributed to the Santhal Rebellion.
a
The Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act (protecting tribal land rights) was passed in 1908.
1908
- a. Dadabhai Naoroji
- b. Justice Govind Ranade
- c. Bipin Chandra Pal
- d. Romesh Chandra
Bipin Chandra Pal was one of the 'extremist' or militant nationalists (part of Lal-Bal-Pal).
c
Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (Womesh Chandra Bannerjee) was the first president of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
1885
- a. 19 June 1905
- b. 18 July 1906
- c. 19 August 1907
- d. 16 October 1905
The Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon came into effect on 16 October 1905.
d
- a. Kol Revolt
- b. Indigo Revolt
- c. Munda Rebellion
- d. Deccan Riots
The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act was passed in the context of the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) to protect tribal land rights.
c
- a. Annie Basant
- b. Bipin Chandra Pal
- c. Lala Lajpat Rai
- d. Tilak
Annie Besant (often spelled Annie Basant in some sources) established a Home Rule League in 1916. (Note: Bal Gangadhar Tilak also launched a Home Rule League in April 1916 — both leaders founded leagues the same month.)
a
- a. Dina Bandhu Mitra
- b. Romesh Chandra Dutt
- c. Dadabhai Naoroji
- d. Kol Revolt
Dinabandhu Mitra (Dina Bandhu Mitra) wrote the play Nil Darpan which exposed the plight of indigo cultivators and drew British and public attention to the issue.
a
(i) is accepted in many textbooks — wealth drained from Bengal (including large sums from Mir Jafar) helped British capital accumulation. (ii) The Kol insurrection of 1831–32 targeted officials and moneylenders — correct. (iii) The Santhal Rebellion of 1855 was led by Sidhu and Kanhu (Kanhu sometimes written Kanu) — correct. (iv) The year given is incorrect: legislation concerning Santhal territories followed the rebellion, but the date '1879' is not correct in standard accounts.
(i), (ii) and (iii) are correct; (iv) is incorrect.
- a. Wahhabi Rebellion
- b. Farazi Movement
- c. Tribal uprising
- d. Kol Revolt
Haji Shariatullah established the Faraizi movement (often spelled Farazi) in 1818 in East Bengal.
b
- a. Titu Mir
- b. Sidhu
- c. Dudu Mian
- d. Shariatullah
Titu Mir made this proclamation during his uprising; he is the correct choice.
a
- a. Santhals
- b. Titu Mir
- c. Munda
- d. Kol
Santhals lost land during the creation of zamindari estates under the Permanent Settlement, provoking the 1855 Santhal revolt.
a
- a. Dadabhai Naoroji
- b. Justice Govind Ranade
- c. Bipin Chandra Pal
- d. Romesh Chandra
Bipin Chandra Pal was a prominent militant ('extremist') nationalist leader.
c
- a. 19 June 1905
- b. 18 July 1906
- c. 19 August 1907
- d. 16 October 1905
Partition of Bengal took effect on 16 October 1905.
d
- a. Kol Revolt
- b. Indigo Revolt
- c. Munda Rebellion
- d. Deccan Riots
The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act was passed to safeguard tribal land rights after the Munda movement (Munda Rebellion) in Chotanagpur; it addressed issues raised by the tribal uprising led by Birsa Munda.
c
- a. Annie Basant
- b. Bipin Chandra Pal
- c. Lala Lajpat Rai
- d. Tilak
Annie Besant established a Home Rule League in 1916. (Bal Gangadhar Tilak also launched a Home Rule League in April 1916 — both are credited with founding leagues that month.)
a
- a. Dina Bandhu Mitra
- b. Romesh Chandra Dutt
- c. Dadabhai Naoroji
- d. Kol Revolt
Dinabandhu Mitra (Dina Bandhu Mitra) authored Nil Darpan exposing indigo planters' oppression of peasants.
a
The Wahhabi movement (active in India in the 1820s) was anti-imperial and opposed landlord oppression; it is commonly dated to the 1820s.
Wahhabi (Wahabi) movement
The Chotanagpur region saw the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) under Birsa Munda around 1899–1900.
Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan)
The Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act was enacted in 1908 to regulate tribal land rights.
1908
Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (Womesh Chandra Banerjee) was elected INC president in 1885.
1885
- a. (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
- b. (ii) and (iii) are correct
- c. (iii) and (iv) are correct
- d. (i) and (iv) are correct
Statements (ii) and (iii) are correct. The Kol insurrection occurred in 1831–32 against officials and moneylenders; the Santhal Rebellion of 1855 was led by Sidhu and Kanhu. (i) is misleading in wording; (iv) is incorrect in date—Santhal-related regulations were passed, but 1879 as stated is not correct in this wording.
b
- a. (i) and (iii) are correct
- b. (i) and (iv) are correct
- c. (ii) and (iii) are correct
- d. (iii) and (iv) are correct
(i) is correct — early nationalists formulated an economic critique of colonial policies (drain theory etc.). (iv) is correct — the 1905 Partition of Bengal aimed to divide and weaken Bengali nationalist influence. (ii) is incorrect (early leaders blamed colonial economic policies, not 'religious exploitation'); (iii) is incorrect for moderates — immediate Swaraj was not the moderate Congress's main goal.
b
Classification groups uprisings by social base and causes: tribal/ethnic revolts, rural agrarian protests against economic exploitation, movements with religious/social triggers, and later politically-led peasant agitations tied to the national movement.
Peasant uprisings are classified broadly as: (1) Tribal revolts (e.g., Santhal, Munda) led by tribal leaders against land alienation; (2) Agrarian/peasant uprisings against landlords, moneylenders and revenue policies (e.g., Deccan Riots, Indigo Revolt); (3) Religious- or reform-linked movements with agrarian support; and (4) Political movements with peasant participation during the nationalist phase (e.g., Champaran, Kisan Satyagraha).
List of notable annexations used by Dalhousie’s policy: Satara, Sambalpur, Nagpur, Jhansi and other smaller states; note that some annexations used other pretexts (e.g., Awadh by alleged misrule).
Major territories annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse included Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1849), Nagpur (1853), and Jhansi (annexed 1853). (Awadh/ Oudh was annexed in 1856 on the grounds of misgovernment rather than strictly under the Doctrine of Lapse.)
Give the four objectives succinctly: self-government, responsible provincial governments, public/political mobilization, and spreading political education.
Objectives of the Home Rule Movement: (1) To obtain self-government (Home Rule) for India within the British Empire; (2) To secure responsible government in provinces and greater Indian participation in administration; (3) To educate and mobilize public opinion in favour of constitutional reforms; (4) To build a broad-based national movement through local leagues and political training.
Mention key points: Congress–Muslim League cooperation, agreement on representation and communal electorates, and a united demand for self-government.
The Lucknow Pact (1916) was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League: it accepted separate electorates for Muslims with increased Muslim representation, but also agreed on joint Hindu–Muslim provincial electorates in some provinces and a common platform demanding greater self-government from the British. It symbolised Hindu–Muslim unity and cooperation in the national movement.
Explain each cause with brief examples: Doctrine of Lapse (political annexations), economic distress of peasants and artisans, sepoy grievances and insensitivity of British officers, and the cartridge controversy as the immediate spark. Also note the revolt combined multiple social groups (sepoys, peasants, dispossessed rulers).
Major causes of the Revolt of 1857 included: (1) Political causes — annexation policies (Doctrine of Lapse), dispossession of ruling families and princes, and loss of power and privileges; (2) Economic causes — heavy taxation, ruin of artisans and peasants, and economic exploitation benefiting Company interests; (3) Military causes — grievances of sepoys over pay, pension, lack of promotion, and general discrimination; (4) Social and religious causes — fear of Christian missionary activities, social reforms (e.g., abolition of sati) seen as interference with customs; and (5) Immediate trigger — introduction of the new Enfield rifle cartridges believed to be greased with cow and pig fat, offending both Hindu and Muslim sentiments. Lack of unified leadership and regional coordination also affected the course and outcome.
Describe major forms of resistance: Swadeshi (promotion of Indian goods) and Boycott (of British goods), political mobilization, cultural assertion, grassroots activism, and eventual political pressure leading to annulment of the partition in 1911.
The people of Bengal responded with widespread protest: the Swadeshi and Boycott movements were launched (boycott of British goods and promotion of indigenous goods), public meetings, processions, hartals and strikes were organized, many new nationalistic newspapers and educational institutions were established, women and students took active part, and leaders used constructive programmes to build indigenous industry. Political protests and agitation continued until the British annulled the partition in 1911.
List each Act with one-line purpose as above. (Other related laws of the period include the Vernacular Press Act 1878 and various local/regulatory Acts, but the major constitutional measures are listed.)
Key Acts (1858–1919) and brief notes:
- Government of India Act, 1858: Transferred power from the East India Company to the British Crown; Secretary of State for India created.
- Indian Councils Act, 1861: Re-established legislative councils and allowed limited Indian representation in advisory bodies.
- Indian Councils Act, 1892: Expanded the powers and size of legislative councils and introduced limited indirect election/nomination of members.
- Indian Councils Act (Morley–Minto), 1909: Introduced separate electorates for Muslims and expanded Indian representation in councils.
- Government of India Act (Montagu–Chelmsford), 1919: Introduced dyarchy in provinces, expanded legislative councils and promised gradual development of self-governing institutions.
List of key towns and regions: Meerut (starting point), Delhi (capture of the Mughal court), Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi, Gwalior, Bareilly, Allahabad, Arrah — mark these on the outline map.
Important centres to mark: Meerut, Delhi, Kanpur (Cawnpore), Lucknow, Jhansi, Gwalior, Bareilly, Allahabad, Lucknow, Arrah, and Lucknow region. (Also mark regions such as Bihar, Awadh, and parts of central India where uprisings occurred.)
An activity: collect portraits, dates and a one-line caption of each leader (their role and the movement they led) for the album.
Suggested leaders to include: Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmi Bai, Nana Sahib, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Birsa Munda, Sidhu and Kanhu, Tilak, Annie Besant, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Dadabhai Naoroji, Bipin Chandra Pal, Khudiram Bose, and other regional tribal and peasant leaders.
- a. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
- b. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
- c. Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
- d. (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
Both statements are true: colonial forest policy asserted state proprietary rights over forests; and indigo planters did use coercion. But the planter coercion about indigo is not the reason why the government claimed proprietary rights over forests — so R does not explain A.
a
- a. Both (A) and (R) are wrong
- b. (A) is wrong and (R) is correct
- c. Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
- d. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
A is true: the British suppressed the 1857 uprising with considerable force. R is also true: one major reason for the rebellion's failure was the lack of a unified central authority and coordinated leadership among the rebels. R correctly explains a significant part of why A occurred, so the correct choice is (c).
c
Corrected pairings based on the chapter context and standard historical associations:
- Wahhabi-related movements / Islamic reformist uprisings are associated in the textbook context with leaders like Titu Mir (hence Wahhabi Rebellion — Titu Mir).
- Munda Rebellion — Ranchi (Birsa Munda led the tribal uprising in the Chotanagpur/Ranchi area).
- Begum Hazrat Mahal — Lucknow (she was a leader in the Lucknow uprising during 1857).
- Nana Sahib — Peshwa Baji Rao II (Nana Sahib was linked to the Peshwa family and his claim arose from adoption and pension disputes with the British).
1 — Titu Mir; 2 — Ranchi; 3 — Lucknow; 4 — Peshwa Baji Rao II