Samacheer Class 7 Social Science - Rise of Marathas and Peshwas

Bhakti
2. …………… was the key official of the revenue administration of Peshwa.
Kamavisdar3. The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at ………………. in 1761.
Panipat
4. ……………… was the foreign minister in the Ashtapradhan.
Sumant / Dubeer
5. Shambhuji succeeded Shivaji after a succession tussle with ………………..
Anaji Datto

1. Shahji Bhonsle
c) Shivaji’s father
2. Shambhuji
d) Son of Shivaji
3. Shahu
e) Shambhuji’s grandson
4. Jijabai
a) Mother of Shivaji
5. Afzal khan
b) General of Bijapur

True
2. Hymns composed in Sanskrit by the Bhakti saints were sung by people of all castes and classes.
False3. Shivaji captured Puranthar from the Mughals.
True
4. Deshmukhs held sway over rural regions and their control was over between twenty and a hundred villages.
True
5. Abdali invaded ten times before finally marching on Delhi.
False

The Bhakti movement in Maharastra helped the Maratha people to develop consciousness of their identity and oneness.
It promoted a feeling of unity and social equality among the Marathas.

Chauth:
It is one-fourth of the revenue collected as the protection money collected from the people by Shivaji.
Sardeshmukhi:
It was an extra one-tenth, as the chieftain’s due collected by Shivaji.

The revenue administration of Peshwas was headed by Kamavisdar.
He had to maintain a small body of soldiers to police the administrative area, from where they collected tribute or tax.

The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at Panipat near Delhi in 1761. The king of the Afghans, Ahmad Shah Abdali, invaded eight times before finally marching onto Delhi. The Marathas were now divided among several commanders, who approached the battle with different tactics. Artillery decided the battle in January 1761. The mobile artillery of the Afghans proved lethal against both Maratha cavalry and infantry.

Village Administration:
Deshmukh control twenty and a hundred villages.
Each village was administered by village headman ‘Patil’, who was assisted by village accountant ‘Kulkami’.
Military Administration:
Shivaji gave utmost attention to his army and the training of its personnel.
Every soldier was selected by Shivaji.
Retired captains holding in charge of guarding the forts.
Ashtapradhan:
Shivaji designated eight ministers as ‘Ashtapradhan’. Peshwa was the Prime minister and Amatya was the finance minister.
Revenue Administration:
He collected Chauth and Sardeshmukhi taxes.
The assessments were made 3/5 left to the cultivator and 2/5 taken by the Government.
Judicial Administration:
Civil cases decided by the Panchayat and village council.
Criminal laws were based on the shastras of Hindu law books.

Geographical Features:
The rocky and mountainous terrain proved to be advantageous in guerrilla warfare for Marathas.
Bhakti Movement and the Marathas:
The Bhakthi Movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness. It promoted a feeling of unity and social equality among the Marathas.
Literature and Language of the Marathas:
Marathi Language and literature also served to develop unity among the people.

Peshwas appointed Kamavisdar to collect the tax.
A small staff of clerks and servants were employed to maintain revenue records.
The contract for revenue collection auctioned.
A prospective tax or Revenue required to pay one third to one – half of the revenue.
While Shivaji required to pay Chauth (1/4 of revenue) as protection money, and Sardeshmukhi (extra 1/10 of revenue) chieftain’s due.
The assessment was made on three fifths (3/5) left to the cultivator and two fifths (2/5) taken by the government.

A
B
1. Amatya
a) Foreign Minister
2. Waqia
d) Interior Minister
3. Sumant
c) Finance Minister
4. Senapati
b) Commander-in-chief
2. Group Activity
Question
Collect information about the Thanjavur Marathas with special reference to their contribution to education, art, and architecture.
Venkoji, a half-brother of great Maratha king Shivaji established the Maratha Kingdom at Tanjore in April 1674 A.D.
Shahuji I, Serfoji I, Serfoji II were important rulers of Tanjore Maratha place, Saraswathi Mahal Library were important buildings built by them.
They favoured, Sanskrit, and Telugu literature.
Tanjore paintings are added beauty to their palaces.7th Social Science Guide Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Additional Important Questions and Answers