- a. 27%
- b. 57%
- c. 28%
- d. 49%
According to the textbook data, about 49% of the cultivable land in Tamil Nadu is irrigated.
d
- a. Bajra
- b. Ragi
- c. Maize
- d. Coconut
Coconut is classified here as a non-food (cash) crop, while bajra, ragi and maize are cereals/food crops.
d
- a. 3,039 kg
- b. 4,429 kg
- c. 2,775 kg
- d. 3,519 kg
Textbook figure for paddy productivity in 2014–2015 is 3,039 kg per hectare.
a
- a. decreased
- b. not stable
- c. remained stable
- d. increased
Both agricultural productivity and food productivity have increased due to improved seeds, irrigation, and farming practices.
d
- a. August - October
- b. September - November
- c. October - December
- d. November - January
The Northeast monsoon typically occurs from October to December in Tamil Nadu.
c
Agriculture is the major occupation for a large portion of the population in Tamil Nadu, providing employment and livelihood in rural areas.
Agriculture.
Tamil Nadu receives most of its rainfall from the Northeast monsoon (October–December).
Northeast (NE) monsoon.
Tamil Nadu's total geographical area is 130,058 km² = 130,058 × 100 = 13,005,800 hectares.
13,005,800 hectares.
- 1. Non-food crops
- 2. Dhal
- 3. North east monsoon
- 4. Marginal farmers
- 5. No. of farmers in 2015-2016
From the chapter: (5) the text gives the number of cultivators in 2015–16 as 79,38,000; (3) the North‑east monsoon season for Tamil Nadu is October–December; (4) marginal farmers are defined as those with very small holdings (less than 1 hectare); (2) dals (pulses) listed in the chapter include urad, toor and green gram; (1) non‑food crops in the state include coconut (the chapter highlights coconut as a major non‑food crop; channa appears in the chapter's crop lists).
| # | Correct match |
|---|---|
| 1 | Coconut, Channa |
| 2 | Urad Dal, Toor Dal, Green grams |
| 3 | October - December |
| 4 | less than 1 hectare of cultivable land |
| 5 | 79,38,000 |
Food crops provide direct human consumption: e.g., rice and millets (ragi). Non-food (cash/industrial) crops include cotton and coconut (grown mainly for industrial/market use).
Food crops: Rice, Millets (e.g., Ragi). Non-food crops: Cotton, Coconut.
List and briefly explain each factor showing how it can increase or decrease area under particular crops.
Factors include availability of irrigation, market prices and demand, input costs (seeds, fertilisers), government policies/subsidies, urbanization and land-use change, mechanization, labour availability, and climatic factors (rainfall variability, droughts).
Mention both central (CGWB) and state agencies; local academic and research institutes and the Public Works Department also conduct monitoring and assessments.
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) at the national level and the State Ground Water/Water Resources Department (Tamil Nadu Ground Water Department/Public Works Department) at the state level monitor groundwater quantity and quality.
State the land-size categories and note implications: marginal farmers have very limited resources and often face subsistence-level farming; small farmers have slightly larger holdings but still limited economies of scale.
Marginal farmers: own less than 1 hectare of land. Small farmers: own 1–2 hectares of land.
Provide a concise overview: list principal rivers, man-made storage (dams/reservoirs), traditional tanks, canal irrigation, reliance on groundwater, dependence on NE monsoon, and current problems such as uneven distribution, depletion of groundwater and the need for water management measures.
Tamil Nadu's water resources include rivers (notably the Cauvery, Palar, Vaigai, and Pennar), reservoirs and dams, an extensive tank system, canals, groundwater (wells and borewells), and coastal and rainwater resources. The state depends heavily on the Northeast monsoon for replenishment. Major irrigation comes from river-fed canals and tanks, augmented by groundwater extraction through wells and borewells. Water scarcity and seasonal variability, groundwater depletion in several districts, and inter-state river disputes (notably over Cauvery) are key issues.
Explain each problem briefly and note consequences for sustainability of agriculture and rural livelihoods; mention need for recharge, regulation, and efficient irrigation methods.
Problems: over-extraction causing falling water tables, drying up of shallow wells, increased cost for deeper pumps, saline intrusion in coastal areas, water quality deterioration (salinity, fluoride), depletion leading to reduced irrigation reliability, inequitable access (small farmers suffer), and energy demands for pumping.
Describe each source briefly, give examples (Cauvery canals, village tanks, tube wells), and note advantages/limitations (e.g., surface water reliability vs. groundwater depletion).
Primary irrigation sources: (1) Surface water from rivers via dams and canal systems (major projects like Cauvery irrigation). (2) Reservoirs and tanks (traditional storage). (3) Groundwater via wells and borewells (tube wells). (4) Lift irrigation where water is lifted from rivers/reservoirs. (5) Rain-fed agriculture dependent on monsoon. Modern methods include drip and sprinkler irrigation to conserve water.
Guidance for performing the activity and structuring the analysis; local data collection required by the student.
Activity — steps: (1) List crops grown in your village and classify as food or non-food. (2) Note area under each crop, season of cultivation, irrigation source, and market destination. (3) Interview 2–3 farmers about reasons for crop choices (prices, water, labour). (4) Summarize trends (which crops expanded/reduced) and reasons. (5) Present findings in a short report or chart.
Concise explanation linking fertile soils, reliable irrigation from Cauvery river/regulators, and favorable agro-climatic conditions to high paddy production.
Thanjavur is famous for paddy (rice). Reason: It is in the Cauvery delta with fertile alluvial soils, an extensive irrigation canal network fed by the Cauvery, favorable climate and long-standing agricultural tradition, making it the 'rice bowl' of Tamil Nadu.
Provide a method for collecting and presenting local statistical data; avoid inventing figures without source. 'Nerkalanjium' in the OCR appears garbled—interpreted as 'Granary'.
Activity — steps: (1) Visit district agricultural office or its website for official statistics (area under paddy, yield by taluk). (2) Collect data from local panchayats and farmers' societies. (3) Tabulate area, yield and irrigation sources for major paddy blocks. (4) Present findings in a table or chart. (Note: Thanjavur is commonly called the 'Granary of Tamil Nadu' due to its extensive paddy cultivation.)