CBSE / NCERT Class 9 Science Practice Question Papers with Answers (2025-26)

Brain Grain · braingrain.in

Science — Practice Paper · Set 1

Class: 9CBSE / NCERTMax Marks: 36

Name: ____________________Reg No: ____________

Part I — Short Answer Questions 18 × 2 = 36

Answer briefly. (Answer all questions.)

1.How would a scientist justify choosing cellular organisation as a more fundamental characteristic for the basis of classification rather than the presence of xylem and phloem?[2]

2.A girl is riding her scooter and finds that its speedometer reading is constant. Is it possible for her scooter to be accelerating and if so, how?[2]

3.Answer the following questions with the help of the data given in Table 5.4: Solubility of various salts (in g per 100 g of water) at different temperatures. (i) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to prepare its saturated solution in 50 g of water at 40 °C? (ii) A student makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 80 °C and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature (25 °C). What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain. (iii) What is the effect of a change in temperature on the solubility of salts? Also, compare the changes in the solubility of the four given salts with increasing temperature from 10 °C to 80 °C.[2]

4.Which of the following statements are correct or incorrect according to the Bohr’s atomic model? Give a reason for each statement. (i) Electrons lose energy while moving in fixed orbits and slowly fall into the nucleus. (ii) Electrons can exist anywhere around the nucleus with no fixed energy. (iii) Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits of fixed energy without losing energy. (iv) Electrons can be found between energy levels as they move around the nucleus.[2]

5.Describe the interrelationship between different spheres of the Earth. Illustrate with example how these spheres function in a delicate balance.[2]

6.Assertion (A): The zygote formed after fertilisation immediately attaches to the uterus wall. Reason (R): The uterus wall is always prepared to receive the zygote. (i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. (ii) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (iii) A is true, but R is false. (iv) A is false, but R is true.[2]

7.The graphical representation of two sound waves A and B propagating at the same speed of 345 m s–1 is shown in Fig. 10.33. What is the wavelength of each of them? Also, calculate their frequencies. A 2.5 5.0 Distance (cm) Fig. 10.33[2]

8.Three students, A, B and C, are preparing sugar solutions for an experiment: y g of sugar in 80 g of water. y g of sugar in 100 g of water. y g of sugar in 80 g of water. (i) Calculate the mass percentage (% m/m) concentration of sugar in each student’s solution. (ii) Whose solution is the most concentrated? Explain why.[2]

9.A scientist discovers a new organism with the characteristic features of locomotion and autotrophic nutrition. Which character(s) would help the scientist identify the organism belonging to Protista according to the five kingdom classification?[2]

10.Viruses were studied in earlier classes. Why are they not placed in any of the five kingdoms? Give reasons.[2]

11.:30 PM at home. Consider the tip of the minute’s hand of the wall clock. During the given time interval, what is its: (i) distance travelled, (ii) displacement, (iii) speed, and (iv) velocity. The length of the minute’s hand is 7 cm (Fig. 4.32). Fig. 4.32[2]

12.Choose the correct options and explain the reason for the correct and incorrect options in the context of Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment: (i) The experiment clearly showed the existence of neutrons in the nucleus. (ii) The results disproved the plum pudding model and led to the idea of a nucleus at the centre of the atom. (iii) The large deﬂection of a few alpha particles indicated that most of the mass of the atom and positive charge are packed into a tiny centre. (iv) The way alpha particles were deﬂected showed that electrons move around the nucleus.[2]

13.Magnesium is essential for many biological processes, including muscle contraction. For an atom of magnesium with a mass number of 24 and atomic number 12, determine the number of (i) protons, (ii) neutrons, (iii) electrons, and also illustrate the arrangement of electrons in a magnesium atom.[2]

14.Viruses contain genetic material like living organisms but lack cellular organisation. Which features prevent them from fitting into the five kingdom system? What does this tell us about the limitations of classification systems?[2]

15.Suresh prepares slides with pollen grains in different sugar concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%) to study the germination of pollen. (i) What are the different hypotheses which can be tested using this set-up? (ii) What parameters should be kept the same in this set-up?[2]

16.Carry out the following experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Place each of the potato cups in a beaker containing water (Fig. 2.22). Now, set up the experiment as follows: (a) Keep Cup A empty. (b) Add one teaspoon sugar in Cup B. (c) Add one teaspoon salt in Cup C. (d) Add one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato in Cup D. Observe the four potato cups at least two hours and answer the following questions: (i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of Cup B and Cup C. (ii) Why is Cup A necessary for this experiment? (iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed portions of Cups A and D. Fig. 2.22: Experimental[2]

17.The cell membrane of a cell is made up of proteins and lipids. Which cell organelles help in the synthesis of cell membrane? Write the path of these compounds from their site of synthesis to the cell membrane and show this through a labelled diagram.[2]

18.Choose the most appropriate option to describe the role of biogeochemical cycles in an ecosystem. (i) To provide food directly to all organisms. (ii) To recycle essential nutrients between biotic and abiotic components. (iii) To create new elements for use by living things. (iv) To remove pollutants and toxins from the organism.[2]

🔑 Show Answer Key — Set 1

1. Cellular organisation is fundamental because it applies to all organisms and separates prokaryotes/eukaryotes and unicellular/multicellular forms. Xylem and phloem occur only in vascular plants, so they are too narrow for broad classification.
2. Yes. If speed is constant but direction changes, velocity changes, so the scooter is accelerating.
3. At 40 °C, 62 g KNO₃ dissolves in 100 g water, so 31 g is needed for 50 g water. On cooling saturated KCl from 80 °C, crystals separate because solubility decreases. Solubility generally increases with temperature; KNO₃ increases sharply, NH₄Cl and KCl moderately, and NaCl very little.
4. (iii) is correct.
5. Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere/lithosphere, biosphere and cryosphere exchange matter and energy. For example, plants use atmospheric CO₂, water and soil minerals, release oxygen and support animals. Removing forests alters carbon balance, rainfall, soil stability and biodiversity, showing the delicate balance.
6. (iv) A is false, but R is true.
7. Wavelengths: 0.025 m and 0.05 m; frequencies: 13,800 Hz and 6900 Hz.
8. Student A = 20%; Student B = 16.67%; Student C = 27.27%. Student C has the most concentrated solution.
9. A unicellular eukaryotic body, locomotory structures such as flagella/cilia, and autotrophic nutrition would point to Protista, since protists can show plant-like and animal-like characters.
10. Viruses are acellular, lack independent metabolism, and reproduce only inside host cells, so they do not fit the cellular basis of five-kingdom classification.
11. (i) 66 cm (ii) 14 cm (iii) 11/900 cm s⁻¹ (iv) 7/2700 cm s⁻¹.
12. (ii) and (iii) are correct.
13. Protons = 12, neutrons = 12, electrons = 12; electronic configuration = 2, 8, 2.
14. Viruses lack cellular organisation, cytoplasm, organelles and independent metabolism, and reproduce only in host cells. This shows that systems based on cellular life have limits for acellular entities.
15. Hypotheses: pollen germination depends on sugar concentration and has an optimum concentration. Constants should include pollen source, temperature, time, solution volume, slide method, number of pollen grains and observation method.
16. Water gathers in Cups B and C because sugar/salt creates a hypertonic solution and water enters by osmosis through living potato cells. Cup A is the control. Cup D is boiled, so membranes are damaged and osmosis does not occur.
17. Ribosomes on rough ER make membrane proteins and smooth ER makes lipids. These products move from ER to the Golgi apparatus, are modified and packed into vesicles, and the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane. Path: RER/SER → Golgi apparatus → vesicles → cell membrane.
18. (ii) To recycle essential nutrients between biotic and abiotic components.

Brain Grain · braingrain.in

Science — Practice Paper · Set 2

Class: 9CBSE / NCERTMax Marks: 36

Name: ____________________Reg No: ____________

Part I — Short Answer Questions 18 × 2 = 36

Answer briefly. (Answer all questions.)

1.A sailor jumps out from a small boat to the shore (Fig. 6.38). As the sailor jumps forward, will the boat move? If yes, in which direction and why. Fig. 6.38: A sailor jumping forward Fig. 6.39: A landing mat for a high jump event[2]

2.A researcher carried out an experiment in which she took two carrots of similar size. She placed one carrot in plain water and the other carrot in concentrated salt solution (Fig. 2.21). hours she recorded her observations. (i) What hypothesis does she want to test through this experiment? A B (ii) What would you suggest for the improvement of this experiment? Fig. 2.21: Experimental (iii) Why does the carrot in plain water stay stiff and crunchy, but the set-up having carrot (a) in plain water, and carrot in concentrated salt solution become rubbery and limp? (b) in salt solution[2]

3.Meena and Hari observed an animal in their garden. Hari called it an insect while Meena said it was an earthworm. Choose the correct option which confirms that it is an insect. (i) Bilateral symmetrical body (ii) Body with jointed legs (iii) Cylindrical body (iv) Body with little segmentation[2]

4.You find an unlabelled slide of a single-celled organism that has a well-defined nucleus and multiple cilia. Which group would it most likely belong to? Give reasons.[2]

5.In the classification hierarchy, which group — class or genus — has fewer members but more features in common? Explain your answer.[2]

6.State whether True or False. (i) Work is said to be done when a force is applied, even if the object does not move. (ii) Lifting a bucket vertically upward results in positive work done on the bucket. (iii) The SI unit for both work and energy is joule (J). (iv) A motionless stretched rubber band has kinetic energy. (v) Energy can change from one form to another.[2]

7.If 20 compressions pass a point in 4 seconds, the frequency is (i) 80 Hz (ii) 5 Hz (iii) 10 Hz (iv) 0.2 Hz[2]

8.Using a horizontal force F, a table is moved across the floor at a constant velocity. How much is the frictional force exerted by the floor on the table?[2]

9.m s–1 at 0 ºC and nearly 344 m s–1 at 22 ºC. Roughly how much extra time will the sound of thunder take to travel a distance of 1720 m, if the air temperature changes from 22 ºC to 0 ºC? Assume that all other conditions remain unchanged.[2]

10.Meristematic tissues divide repeatedly. What property of their cells allows them to do this? (i) They have thick walls for protection. (ii) They contain large vacuoles that store nutrients. (iii) They have thin walls, dense cytoplasm and large prominent nucleus. (iv) They are functionally differentiated cells.[2]

11.Aamrapali observed that a young mango sapling’s stem bends flexibly during monsoon winds and does not break. Which tissue is responsible for this flexibility? Predict and provide your explanation of the impact if the existing tissue was replaced by sclerenchyma.[2]

12.During a long-term ecological study, students examined organisms collected from three different environments — a freshwater pond, damp soil near decaying logs and the digestive tract of animals. Instead of naming organisms directly, scientists recorded only structural, cellular and nutritional features as given in the table below. Organisms Key Observations Microscopic; no true nucleus; rigid cell covering; survives high salinity and P temperature Multicellular; filamentous body; cell wall present; no chlorophyll; grows on Q dead organic matter Unicellular; true nucleus; contractile vacuole present; moves using flagella; R shows photosynthesis in light but heterotrophic in the absence of light Multicellular; well-differentiated tissues; backbone present; aquatic S respiration during early life stage T Acellular; contains genetic material; remains inactive outside a host cell The students realised that some organisms fit neatly into Whittaker’s five kingdom classification, while others challenged the very basis of this classification. Based on the case study, answer the following questions — (i) Identify one organism that clearly belongs to the Kingdom Fungi. State one observation that supports your answer. (ii) Which organism would be placed in the Kingdom Monera? Mention one characteristic that justifies this placement. (iii) Organisms R and Q are both eukaryotic, yet they are placed in different kingdoms. Analyse the criteria that separate them. (iv) Explain why organism S cannot be classified using the mode of nutrition alone. (v) Organism T does not fit into any of the five kingdoms. Which fundamental characteristic used in classification does it lack and what does this reveal about the limitations of classification systems? 250 (vi) If classification were based only on habitat, which organisms might be incorrectly grouped together? Explain the scientific consequences of such a classification. (vii) Imagine scientists discover a new organism that is multicellular, eukaryotic, lacks chlorophyll and absorbs nutrients from a host externally. Should it be placed under fungi or animalia? Justify your reasoning using classification criteria.[2]

13.An element X has six electrons in its outer shell and forms a diatomic molecule. (i) Why would that be so? (ii) What kind of bond would it form? (iii) Draw the structure of the molecule it would form. (iv) A certain other element Y has two electrons in its second shell. Draw the structure of the molecule that X would form with Y.[2]

14.Choose a real-life object (maybe a pressure cooker or a mobile phone) or a problem (maybe a traffic jam near your school). Make a sketch listing what kind of ideas from physics, chemistry, biology, earth science, or mathematics are involved. Show how at least two branches of science connect with your example.[2]

15.A student runs from the ground floor to the fourth floor of a school building to collect a book and then comes down to their classroom on the second floor. m, find: (i) the total vertical distance travelled, and (ii) their displacement from the starting point.[2]

16.A tractor pulls a harrow (a ploughing tool) of mass m1 with a net force F resulting in an acceleration of a1. The same tractor pulls a trolley of mass m2 with a force F producing an acceleration of a2. If the tractor now pulls the trolley with the harrow placed on it (with the same force F ), then obtain an expression for the resulting acceleration in terms of a1 and a2. Ignore friction.[2]

17.The variation of density of medium for a sound wave propagating with a speed of 340 m s–1 is shown in Fig. 10.32. Calculate the wavelength and frequency of the sound wave. 8 cm Fig. 10.32[2]

18.Assertion (A): Copper sulfate conducts electricity in the molten state but not in the solid state. Reason (R): Copper and sulfate ions are fixed in the lattice in molten state, while in solid state they can move freely. Choose the correct option: (i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. (ii) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (iii) A is true, but R is false. (iv) A is false, but R is true.[2]

🔑 Show Answer Key — Set 2

1. Yes. The boat moves backward because the sailor pushes it backward and receives an equal opposite forward force.
2. The hypothesis is that osmosis changes plant tissue firmness in different solutions. Use equal-sized carrots, equal volumes and fixed time. Plain water makes cells turgid; concentrated salt solution draws water out, making cells limp.
3. (ii) Body with jointed legs.
4. It most likely belongs to Protista because it is unicellular, eukaryotic, has a well-defined nucleus and uses cilia for movement, as in ciliates such as Paramecium.
5. Genus has fewer members and more shared features than class because genus is a lower, more specific taxonomic category.
6. (i) False (ii) True (iii) True (iv) False (v) True.
7. 5 Hz.
8. F, in the direction opposite to the applied force.
9. About 0.20 s extra.
10. (iii) They have thin walls, dense cytoplasm and large prominent nucleus.
11. Collenchyma gives flexibility to young stems. If replaced by sclerenchyma, the stem would become more rigid and less flexible, so it may resist compression but could crack or break more easily in strong wind.
12. Q belongs to Fungi because it is multicellular, filamentous, lacks chlorophyll and grows on dead organic matter. P belongs to Monera because it has no true nucleus. R and Q are both eukaryotic, but R is unicellular and partly autotrophic while Q is multicellular absorptive heterotroph. S needs body organisation/backbone, not nutrition alone. T lacks cellular organisation, showing a limitation of five-kingdom classification. Habitat-only grouping would wrongly group unrelated pond/soil organisms. A multicellular eukaryote lacking chlorophyll and absorbing nutrients externally belongs to Fungi.
13. With six valence electrons, X needs two more electrons to complete its octet, so two X atoms share two pairs of electrons to form a covalent diatomic molecule X₂. With Y having two valence electrons, X and Y combine according to valencies; the exact drawn structure should be checked against the classroom notation expected.
14. For a pressure cooker, physics explains pressure and heat transfer, chemistry explains changes in food while cooking, biology explains killing microbes and softening tissues, and mathematics helps estimate time and fuel use. These branches connect because higher pressure changes boiling point and cooking reactions.
15. (i) 18 m (ii) 6 m upward.
16. m₁ = F/a₁ and m₂ = F/a₂. For the combined load, acceleration = F/(m₁+m₂) = F/[F/a₁ + F/a₂] = a₁a₂/(a₁+a₂).
17. Wavelength = 0.04 m; frequency = 8500 Hz.
18. (iii) A is true, but R is false.

Brain Grain · braingrain.in

Science — Practice Paper · Set 3

Class: 9CBSE / NCERTMax Marks: 36

Name: ____________________Reg No: ____________

Part I — Short Answer Questions 18 × 2 = 36

Answer briefly. (Answer all questions.)

1.You are given a mixture of sand, common salt and naphthalene (Fig. 5.25a). The Fig. 5.25b depicts various steps used to separate the components of this mixture. Identify and write down the correct sequence of separation techniques. Fig. 5.25: (a) 1 2 3 Fig. 5.25: (b)[2]

2.A farmer, Deepa, was very happy with the harvest of amla (Indian Gooseberry) and lemons on her farm. However, she could sell only one- fourth of the produce in the local market. Recognising that a significant amount of produce may be lost post-harvest, she employed a traditional yet scientifically sound method to extend the shelf life of amla and lemons. She turned perishable produce into profitable products, such as pickles and sharbat. She used the excess produce to prepare pickles, murabbas, and sharbat by adding appropriate amounts of salt, sugar, or jaggery to small pieces of fruit and their juices. These were then stored in small glass bottles for sale, helping her prevent the wastage of post-harvest produce. This shift from farming to agro-processing would strengthen food security and boost the local economy, creating a sustainable model that cuts waste while increasing her income. Based on the above passage answer the following questions: (i) Which scientific concept has the farmer applied in the preservation of the farm produce? (ii) How does the addition of high concentrations of salt and sugar create an environment that prevents the growth of spoilage-causing bacteria and fungi? (iii) Suggest a healthy recipe of this kind for food preservation. (iv) What are the scientific values addressed in this case?[2]

3.Why are the epithelial tissues that line an animal’s internal organs usually only one or a few cells thick? (i) To store food efficiently. (ii) To provide maximum strength. (iii) To allow quick exchange of materials across them. (iv) To reduce friction.[2]

4.Which of the following, in Fig. 9.18, correctly represents Cl – ion (Atomic number of chlorine = 17). (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Fig. 9.18[2]

5.A 10.0 kg block is moving on horizontal floor with negligible friction. As shown in the Fig. 7.37, a variable force is applied (N) 50 on the block in its direction of motion from its position at m till 4 m. m, find the block’s speed (i) at 0 m, and (ii) at 4 m. Does the block have negative acceleration in any portion of its motion? 0 1 2 3 4[2]

6.A plant cell and an animal cell are of the same size. (i) Which cell will have a larger vacuole? Give reasons. (ii) What assumptions are you making to answer the question above?[2]

7.On a seesaw with sliding seats, a child is sitting on one side and an adult on the other side. The adult weighs twice that of the child. The seesaw however is balanced. Draw a figure which depicts this situation showing the distances from the fulcrum where the child and the adult are seated.[2]

8.The velocity-time graph of an object of mass 10 kg moving along a straight line is shown in Fig. 6.41. Calculate the force acting on the object by using the graph.[2]

9.The label on a cooking oil pack says one litre (910 g). If this oil is mixed with water, will it form a separate layer? If so, which substance will be on top? How will you separate the two layers? Also, draw the diagram of the apparatus used.[2]

10.m s–1 in 5 seconds. m s–1 for 10 seconds and finally applies the brake (with uniform acceleration) to stop in 6 seconds. Find the total distance travelled.[2]

11.The acceleration-mass graph for the acceleration produced by a force on objects of different masses is plotted in Fig. 6.40. Plot the force-mass graph for this case.[2]

12.A girl is preparing for her first marathon by running on a straight road. She uses a smartwatch to calculate her running speed at different intervals. The graph (Fig. 4.31) depicts her velocity versus time. Estimate the distance she ran based on the graph.[2]

13.Mitochondria and chloroplasts are two important organelles in a plant cell. Discuss how these two organelles are structurally and functionally similar to each other, and different from each other.[2]

14.Choose the correct options, and explain the reason for the correct and incorrect options. Which among the following mixtures show the Tyndall Effect? A mixture of: (a) air and dust particles (b) copper sulfate and water (c) starch and water (d) acetone and water (i) a and b (ii) b and d (iii) a and c (iv) c and d[2]

15.While practising for the snake boat race (Vallum kalli in Kerala), 100 oarsmen are rowing a boat together. row backwards to propel the boat forward. oarsmen row in the opposite direction. N, what is the net force on the snake boat? (Ignore drag forces, air friction, etc.)[2]

16.Which observation best supports the idea that sound is a mechanical wave? (i) Sound shows reflection (ii) Sound needs a medium to propagate (iii) Sound has frequency (iv) Sound carries energy[2]

17.If a plant is unable to transport food from leaves to roots which tissue is malfunctioning? (i) Xylem (ii) Phloem (iii) Epidermis (iv) Sclerenchyma[2]

18.Identify the pair that incorrectly matches the cell organelle with set-up its function. (i) Ribosome — Protein synthesis (ii) SER — Lipid and cellulose synthesis (iii) Lysosome — Digestion of foreign agents[2]

🔑 Show Answer Key — Set 3

1. First sublime naphthalene from the mixture. Then add water to dissolve common salt, filter off sand, and evaporate or crystallise the filtrate to obtain common salt.
2. The farmer used osmosis-based preservation. High salt or sugar makes the surroundings hypertonic, so water leaves spoilage-causing microbes and their growth is inhibited. Amla pickle or lemon preserve with salt/sugar is an example. The values shown are scientific thinking, waste reduction, food security, sustainability and value addition.
3. (iii) To allow quick exchange of materials across them.
4. (ii).
5. 6 m s⁻¹; √66 m s⁻¹; No.
6. The plant cell usually has the larger vacuole because a mature plant cell has a large central vacuole for storage and turgidity. This assumes a typical mature plant cell and typical animal cell of the same size.
7. For balance, moments about the fulcrum are equal. Since the adult weighs twice the child, the adult should sit half as far from the fulcrum as the child, e.g. child at 2 m and adult at 1 m on opposite sides.
8. 25 N.
9. Yes. Oil and water are immiscible and form separate layers. Oil is less dense, so it floats on top. Use a separating funnel: allow layers to settle, drain the lower water layer first, then collect the oil.
10. 310 m.
11. The force-mass graph is a horizontal straight line because the same force is used. Since F = ma, as mass increases acceleration decreases, but the product ma remains constant.
12. The distance covered equals the area enclosed between the velocity–time graph and the time axis. Split that area into simple shapes (rectangles and triangles), work out each area using the velocity (in m/s) and time (in s) read off the axes, and add them. For a runner who speeds up uniformly from rest to a steady velocity and then keeps it constant, for example reaching 5 m/s in 20 s and then running at 5 m/s for a further 40 s, the distance = area of the triangle (½ × 20 × 5 = 50 m) + area of the rectangle (5 × 40 = 200 m) = 250 m. Apply the same area method to the values shown on Fig. 4.31.
13. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are double-membrane organelles with their own DNA and ribosomes. Mitochondria release energy during respiration, while chloroplasts trap light energy for photosynthesis.
14. (iii) a and c.
15. 18,000 N in the forward direction.
16. (ii) Sound needs a medium to propagate.
17. (ii) Phloem.
18. Ribosome—protein synthesis is correct; lysosome—digestion of foreign agents is correct. SER helps in lipid synthesis, but cellulose synthesis is not its usual function, so the SER—lipid and cellulose synthesis pair is the inaccurate match.

📄 About official papers

Class 9 does not have a public board examination, so there are no official board question papers for this class. The papers above are Brain Grain practice papers built to the standard exam pattern — ideal for unit tests, monthly tests and revision.

Practise more — your way

⚙️ Generate unlimited custom papers 🎯 Practise MCQs & earn XP

Every paper above is generated from the same 23,000+ verified Brain Grain question bank.