CBSE · NCERT · Class 10 Social Science · Chapter 10

NCERT Solutions: Class 10 Social Science Chapter 10 - Geography: Minerals and Energy Resources

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Chapter-wise NCERT intext questions and exercise answers for Geography: Minerals and Energy Resources, grounded in the official textbook.

Questions are taken verbatim from the NCERT textbook; answers were grounded against the chapter's content during generation. Items needing review are marked.
Sections in this chapter
1. Multiple choice questions. 42. Answer the following questions in about 30 words. 43. Answer the following questions in about 120 words. 2
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11. Multiple choice questions.4 questions
Q.(i)Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?v
  1. (a). coal
  2. (b). bauxite
  3. (c). gold
  4. (d). zinc
Solution

Bauxite forms through surface weathering and decomposition that removes soluble material and leaves an aluminium-rich residue.

Answer:

(b) bauxite

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Q.(ii)Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?v
  1. (a). bauxite
  2. (b). mica
  3. (c). iron ore
  4. (d). copper
Solution

The Koderma-Gaya-Hazaribagh belt is a major mica-producing region.

Answer:

(b) mica

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Q.(iii)Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?v
  1. (a). sedimentary rocks
  2. (b). metamorphic rocks
  3. (c). igneous rocks
  4. (d). none of the above
Solution

Coal, some iron ore, gypsum, potash and salt occur in beds or layers of sedimentary rocks.

Answer:

(a) sedimentary rocks

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Q.(iv)Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?v
  1. (a). oil
  2. (b). uranium
  3. (c). thorium
  4. (d). coal
Solution

Monazite sands in Kerala contain thorium used for atomic energy.

Answer:

(c) thorium

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22. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.4 questions
Q.(i)Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words. (a) ferrous and non-ferrous minerals (b) conventional and non-conventional sources of energyv
Solution

Uses the chapter’s classification of minerals and energy sources.

Answer:

(a) Ferrous minerals contain iron, such as iron ore and manganese; non-ferrous minerals do not, such as copper, bauxite and lead. (b) Conventional sources such as coal, petroleum and firewood have long been widely used; non-conventional sources such as solar, wind, tidal and biogas are newer, generally renewable alternatives.

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Q.(ii)What is a mineral?v
Solution

Definition follows geographers’ description in the opening section.

Answer:

A mineral is a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definite internal structure. It has a characteristic chemical composition and physical properties formed through geological processes.

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Q.(iii)How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?v
Solution

Grounded in the description of veins and lodes.

Answer:

Minerals occur in cracks, faults and joints. Molten or gaseous mineral material is forced upward through cavities, cools and solidifies, forming small veins or larger lodes.

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Q.(iv)Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ?v
Solution

Grounded in the mineral-conservation section.

Answer:

Minerals are finite and take millions of years to form, while extraction and consumption are rapid. Conservation reduces depletion, environmental damage and future scarcity through efficient use, recycling and substitutes.

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33. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.2 questions
Q.(i)Describe the distribution of coal in India.v
Solution

Grounded in the coal distribution subsection.

Answer:

India’s coal occurs mainly in two geological ages. Gondwana coal, about 200 million years old, supplies most production and lies chiefly in peninsular river valleys. Major fields include Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro in the Damodar valley; deposits also occur in the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys. Tertiary coal, about 55 million years old, occurs in the north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. Lignite, a low-grade brown coal, is found at Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and in parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. The location of these deposits strongly influences thermal power and heavy industry.

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Q.(ii)Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?v
Solution

Grounded in the solar-energy passage and its rural-development benefits.

Answer:

India is tropical and receives abundant sunshine over most of the year, giving solar power a large geographical base. Solar photovoltaic systems can serve dispersed villages and remote areas without expensive grid extension, reducing dependence on firewood and dung cakes and improving rural life. The resource is renewable and produces electricity without the air pollution and greenhouse emissions of fossil fuels. Falling technology costs and uses ranging from lighting and pumps to cooking and industry increase its practicality. Solar development also reduces imported fuel dependence and conserves coal and petroleum. Storage, grid integration and initial cost remain challenges, but the scale and regularity of sunlight make the long-term potential strong.

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