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Biotechnology Principles and Processes — NEET Biology MCQs

30 questions written by hand against the NCERT chapter. Every wrong option is explained, not just the right one.

30questions
10/14/6easy / medium / hard
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Sample questions from this chapter

Which pair represents the two core techniques that enabled modern biotechnology?
  1. Genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering ✓
  2. Hybridisation and natural selection
  3. Fermentation and sedimentation
  4. Microscopy and chromatography
Answer: A. Modern biotechnology combines deliberate alteration and transfer of genetic material with contamination-free large-scale culture of the desired cells.
Why not B: Hybridisation can transfer unwanted genes and is not paired with sterile large-scale production as the two core techniques.
Why not C: Fermentation is one application, while sedimentation is a separation process.
Why not D: These are useful analytical methods but do not define the two core techniques.
Vector and source DNA are cut with the same restriction enzyme before ligation. What is the main advantage?
  1. Both DNAs acquire an origin of replication
  2. The insert becomes antibiotic resistant
  3. Their complementary overhangs are compatible for pairing ✓
  4. Their fragments become equal in length
Answer: C. A staggered cut by the same enzyme produces matching sticky ends. Their base pairing aligns vector and insert so ligase can seal the backbone.
Why not A: Cutting does not create a replication origin.
Why not B: Resistance depends on a marker gene, not the identity of the cutter.
Why not D: The enzyme recognises a sequence but does not force equal fragment sizes.
A plasmid enters bacteria efficiently and carries an intact antibiotic marker, but its ori has been deleted. What is the most likely long-term outcome?
  1. Initial transformants may be detected, but the plasmid and insert will not be stably amplified through cell divisions ✓
  2. The plasmid will acquire a bacterial chromosome automatically
  3. The marker will act as a new origin and guarantee high copy number
  4. The insert will be amplified extracellularly by host ribosomes
Answer: A. Selection can reveal cells that initially received DNA, but inheritance requires replication. Without a functional ori or integration into a replicating chromosome, the plasmid is diluted or lost.
Why not B: Chromosomal integration requires an appropriate recombination event and is not an automatic consequence of uptake.
Why not C: A resistance gene provides selection, not replication initiation.
Why not D: Ribosomes translate RNA into protein and do not copy DNA.

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Every NCERT question in this chapter is solved, free: NCERT solutions — Biotechnology Principles and Processes →

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Questions

How many NEET questions are there on Biotechnology Principles and Processes?

This chapter test has 30 questions — 10 easy, 14 medium and 6 hard — all written against the NCERT Class 12 chapter.

Is this NEET Biology chapter test free?

Yes. Every chapter test is free with no login. The only paid thing on the site is the full-length 90-question Biology mock and its all-India rank.

Do the questions explain the wrong options?

Yes — every distractor carries its own explanation naming the specific misconception that makes a student pick it. That is the part most question banks skip, and it is the part that changes your next attempt.