Brain Grain · braingrain.in
Social Science — Practice Paper · Set 1
Class: 10Samacheer KalviMax Marks: 91
Name: ____________________Reg No: ____________
Part I — Multiple Choice Questions 15 × 1 = 15
Choose the correct answer. (Answer all questions.)
1.Arrange the following in the correct chronological order and choose the correct answer from the code given below. (i) Panchsheel (ii) China's Nuclear test (iii) Indo-Soviet treaty (iv) First Nuclear test of Indiaa. (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)b. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)c. (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)d. (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)[1]
2.Where were the sons of Tipu Sultan sent after the Vellore Revolt?a. Kayatharb. Nagalapuramc. Virupachid. Panchalankurichi[1]
3.Western disturbances cause rainfall in _______.a) Tamil Nadub) Keralac) Punjabd) Madhya Pradesh[1]
4.The most important constituents of petroleum are hydrogen anda. Oxygenb. Waterc. Carbond. Nitrogen[1]
5.The most common and important tax levied on an individual in India isa. Service taxb. Excise duty.c. Income taxd. Central sales tax[1]
6.i) During World War I the primary task of Italy was to keep the Austrians occupied on the Southern Front ii) The first huge market crash in the US occurred on 24 October 1929. iii) The ban on African National Congress was lifted in 1966. Choose the correct statement: a) i) and ii) are correct b) iii) is correct c) ii) and iii) are correct d) i), ii) and iii) are correcta. i) and ii) are correctb. iii) is correctc. ii) and iii) are correctd. i), ii) and iii) are correct[1]
7.i) Raja Rammohan Roy preached monotheism ii) He encouraged idolatry iii) He published tracts condemning social evils Choose the correct option:a. i) is correctb. i) and ii) are correctc. i), ii) and iii) are correctd. i) and iii) are correct[1]
8.6. The most abundant source of energy isa. Biomassb. Sunc. Coald. Oil[1]
9.What is the Battle of Marne remembered for?a. air warfareb. trench warfarec. submarine warfared. ship warfare[1]
10.5. The first Nuclear Power station was commissioned in ______ in India.a. Gujaratb. Rajasthanc. Maharashtrad. Tamil Nadu[1]
11.The Governor does not appointa. Chief Ministerb. Chairman of the State Public Service Commissionc. Advocate General of the Stated. Judges of the High Court[1]
12.i) Prarthana Samaj was founded by Dr. Atma Ram Pandurang ii) Prarthana Samaj encouraged inter-dining and inter-caste marriage iii) Jyotiba Phule worked for the upliftment of men. iv) Prarthana Samaj had its origin in the Punjab. Choose the correct option:a. i) is correctb. ii) is correctc. i) and ii) are correctd. iii) and iv) are correct[1]
13.Black soils are also called as:a. Arid soilsb. Saline soilsc. Regur soilsd. Mountain soils[1]
14.Which of the following is associated with helicopter service?a. Air Indiab. Indian Airlinesc. Vayudootd. Pavan Hans[1]
15._________ is the highest gravity dam in India.a. Hirakud Damb. Bhakra Nangal Damc. Mettur Damd. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam[1]
Part II — Fill in the Blanks 5 × 1 = 5
Fill in the blanks. (Answer all questions.)
16.1. _________ Bill cannot be introduced in the Parliament without President's approval.[1]
17.3. ______________ is the Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.[1]
18.Khilafat Movement was led by ____.[1]
19.In the year _____ National Food Security Act was passed by the Indian Parliament.[1]
20.__________ is the highest peak in the southern most part of the Eastern Ghats.[1]
Part III — Short Answer Questions 18 × 2 = 36
Answer briefly. (Answer all questions.)
21.A group project work on Vietnam War is desirable. An album or pictures, portraying the air attacks of the US on Vietnam and the brave resistance put up by the Vietnamese may be prepared.[2]
22.Explain the importances of satellite communication in India.[2]
23.Who made Peru as part of their dominions?[2]
24.Define "International trade".[2]
25.What are the classical languages in India?[2]
26.Why we pay tax to the government?[2]
27.The Vietnam Nationalist Party was formed in .[2]
28.What are the types of tax? Give examples.[2]
29.Who hoisted the national flag atop Fort St. George on 26 January 1932?[2]
30.Write any four advantages of railways.[2]
31.What do you know of Beveridge Report?[2]
32.Write the importance of Gross domestic product.[2]
33.Name the Bretton Woods Twins.[2]
34.iv) In May 1799 Cornwallis ordered the advance of Company armies to Tirunelveli.[2]
35.Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains. (Distinguish)[2]
36.What are the problems of industrialization currently in Tamil Nadu?[2]
37.4. What is natural gas?[2]
38.7. was the Headquarters of the Council of Europe.[2]
Part IV — Long Answer Questions 7 × 5 = 35
Answer in detail. (Answer all questions.)
39.1. List the factors affecting climate of India.[5]
40.Examine the geographical conditions favourable for the cultivation of rice and wheat.[5]
41.Write about the World Trade Organization.[5]
42.Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandya Kattabomman conducted against the East India Company.[5]
43.4. Distinguish between Jute industry and sugar industry.[5]
44.What is 'Teri'?[5]
45.Name the important oil producing regions of India.[5]
🔑 Show Answer Key — Set 1
- 1. b
- 2. Calcutta
- 3. c) Punjab
- 4. c
- 5. c
- 6. a
- 7. d
- 8. b
- 9. b
- 10. c
- 11. The Governor does not appoint the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker is elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly from amongst themselves. While the Governor appoints the Chief Minister and other ministers, and also the Advocate General, the selection of the Speaker is an internal matter of the Assembly.
- 12. c
- 13. c
- 14. d
- 15. b
- 16. Money Bill
- 17. The Vice-President of India
- 18. Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali (the Ali brothers)
- 19. 2013
- 20. Mahendragiri
- 21. Activity / project suggestion — no single answer
- 22. Satellite communication is very important for a large country like India. Communication satellites, such as those of the INSAT and GSAT series, relay telephone, television, radio and internet signals across the whole country, including remote and hilly areas that are hard to reach by cables. They are used for long-distance telephone calls and television broadcasting, for tele-education and tele-medicine, for weather forecasting and disaster warning, and for defence and navigation. Thus satellite communication links the whole nation quickly and plays an important part in its development.
- 23. Peru was made part of their dominions by the Spanish, through the conquest led by Francisco Pizarro in the 1530s. Pizarro and his small band of conquistadors took advantage of a civil war within the Inca empire, captured and later executed the Inca ruler Atahualpa, and seized the Inca capital. Peru then became the centre of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru, and its rich silver mines, especially at Potosí, made it one of the most valuable parts of Spain's American empire for many centuries.
- 24. International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services that occurs between residents of two or more countries, crossing national boundaries. This involves the import and export of tangible products, as well as the provision and consumption of services across different nations. It is driven by factors such as comparative advantage, specialization, and the desire to access a wider variety of goods and resources than available domestically. International trade plays a crucial role in global economic development, fostering interdependence, promoting competition, and enabling countries to benefit from global markets.
- 25. India officially recognizes six languages as classical languages, a status conferred by the Government of India based on specific criteria. These languages are Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia. The criteria for designating a language as classical include a high antiquity of its early texts or recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years, a body of ancient literature or texts which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers, an original literary tradition that is not borrowed from another speech community, and the classical language and literature being distinct from modern forms. This prestigious status helps in promoting and preserving the rich…
- 26. We pay taxes to the government because they are the chief source of public revenue. The money collected through taxes is used to provide essential public goods and services such as roads, schools, hospitals, electricity, water supply, defence and the police. Taxes also fund welfare programmes for the poor and the weaker sections, help to reduce inequalities of income in society, and meet the general expenses of running the government and carrying out the development of the country. In short, taxes make it possible for the government to perform its many duties for the benefit of all citizens.
- 27. The Vietnam Nationalist Party, known as the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (VNQDĐ), was a significant revolutionary political organization in Vietnam. It was formed in 1927 with the aim of achieving Vietnamese independence from French colonial rule through nationalist and republican ideals. The party played a role in various uprisings and political movements during the period leading up to and following World War II.
- 28. Taxes are mainly of two types: direct taxes and indirect taxes. A direct tax is paid directly to the government by the very person or organisation on whom it is imposed, and its burden cannot be shifted to anyone else; examples are income tax, corporate tax and property tax. An indirect tax is imposed on goods and services and is collected by an intermediary, such as a shopkeeper, from the consumer and then paid to the government; examples are the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and customs duty. The burden of a direct tax falls on the person who pays it, but the burden of an indirect tax can be passed on to the final consumer.
- 29. Bhashyam, popularly known as Arya, hoisted the national flag atop Fort St. George on 26 January 1932. This act was a significant demonstration of defiance against British rule during a period of intense nationalistic fervor. Hoisting the flag at such a prominent government building symbolized the aspiration for independence and challenged the authority of the colonial administration in Madras.
- 30. Railways offer several important advantages as a means of transport. First, they can carry very large quantities of heavy and bulky goods, as well as a great number of passengers, over long distances at one time. Second, they are cheaper than road or air transport for the long-distance movement of bulk goods. Third, they are fast, reliable and run on fixed timetables in almost all weather conditions. Fourth, they help in trade, industry and the movement of people, and so promote the economic development and the unity of the country.
- 31. The Beveridge Report of 1942, prepared by the economist Sir William Beveridge, was a landmark British document that laid the foundation of the modern welfare state. It identified 'five giant evils' in society that had to be defeated — Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. To overcome them, the report recommended a comprehensive system of social security covering every citizen 'from the cradle to the grave,' including unemployment and sickness benefits, old-age pensions, and free medical care. Its proposals shaped post-war Britain and led directly to reforms such as the National Health Service, established in 1948.
- 32. Importance of GDP: - Measures overall economic performance and size of the economy. - Used to compare economic performance over time and between countries/states. - Helps policymakers design fiscal and monetary policy. - Basis for calculating per capita income and living standards. - Guides investment, planning and resource allocation decisions.
- 33. The 'Bretton Woods Twins' are the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, officially called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). They were created at the Bretton Woods Conference held in New Hampshire, in the United States, in 1944, towards the end of the Second World War. The IMF was set up to maintain exchange-rate stability and to help member countries facing balance-of-payments difficulties, while the World Bank was established to provide long-term loans for post-war reconstruction and for the economic development of member nations. Together they form the foundation of the post-war international financial system.
- 34. True. In May 1799, Lord Cornwallis, the Governor-General of the East India Company, ordered the advance of Company armies towards Tirunelveli. This military campaign was a significant part of the broader British effort to suppress resistance from the Palayakkarars, who were feudal chiefs and landholders in southern Tamil Nadu. The Palayakkarars had been resisting British authority and the Company's attempts to consolidate control over the region. The advance towards Tirunelveli represented an escalation of military operations aimed at crushing this organized opposition and establishing firm British dominance in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu.
- 35. The Western Coastal Plains are situated between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, running from Gujarat to Kerala. They are relatively narrow, averaging about 10-25 km in width, and are characterized by a submerged coastline, leading to the formation of natural harbours like Mumbai and Goa. This plain is divided into three sections: the Konkan coast in the north, the Kanara plain in the central part, and the Malabar coast in the south. Rivers flowing through these plains are generally short and swift, forming estuaries rather than deltas. In contrast, the Eastern Coastal Plains lie between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, stretching from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu. These plains…
- 36. Industrialization in Tamil Nadu currently faces several significant problems. Environmental pollution and inadequate waste management are major concerns, impacting local ecosystems and public health. Land acquisition for new projects often encounters difficulties and delays due to complex regulations and social opposition. There is a persistent issue of skill shortages or skill mismatch, where the available workforce does not possess the specific competencies required by modern industries. Infrastructure bottlenecks, particularly in water supply, reliable power, and efficient transportation networks, hinder smooth operations. Furthermore, regional disparities in development persist, with…
- 37. Natural gas is a vital gaseous fossil fuel primarily composed of methane (CH4), often found alongside petroleum deposits in underground reservoirs. It is formed over millions of years from the decomposition of organic matter under heat and pressure. Its significance lies in its extensive use as a clean-burning fuel for heating, cooking, and electricity generation, as well as a crucial raw material in the petrochemical industry for producing plastics, fertilizers, and other chemicals. Its relatively lower environmental impact compared to other fossil fuels makes it an important energy source.
- 38. Strasbourg, a city located in the Alsace region of France, served as the Headquarters of the Council of Europe. This international organization, established in 1949, aims to promote democracy, human rights, and the rule of law across Europe. Strasbourg's historical significance and its symbolic position as a bridge between France and Germany made it a suitable location for an institution dedicated to fostering European cooperation and integration. The city continues to host numerous European institutions, reinforcing its role as a vital centre for European governance and diplomacy.
- 39. Several important factors affect the climate of India. The first is latitude: the Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country, so the south has a tropical climate while the north is more temperate. The second is altitude, because high mountains and plateaus are cooler than the plains. The third is the distance from the sea; coastal areas have an equable climate, while interior areas have extremes of heat and cold. The fourth is the Himalayan mountains, which block the cold winds from Central Asia and trap the monsoon winds, causing rainfall. The fifth is the monsoon winds themselves, which bring most of India's rain. Other factors include the direction of the mountain ranges…
- 40. The cultivation of rice, India's staple food, requires specific geographical conditions. It thrives in high temperatures, ideally between 20°C and 35°C, and needs abundant water, requiring heavy rainfall (above 100 cm) or assured irrigation. Level land is crucial for efficient water management and cultivation, and alluvial or clayey soils are preferred due to their water-retaining capacity. Wheat, another major cereal crop, has different requirements. It prefers a cooler growing season, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 25°C during its growth period. Well-drained, fertile soils, particularly alluvial soils, are suitable. Moderate rainfall is sufficient, but ample sunshine during the…
- 41. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a crucial international organization established on January 1, 1995, that plays a pivotal role in governing and promoting global trade. Its primary function is to administer and enforce the rules of international trade as laid out in various trade agreements signed by its member countries. The WTO provides a vital platform for member nations to negotiate new trade agreements and resolve trade disputes that may arise between them, thereby ensuring a more stable and predictable international trading environment. It aims to facilitate the smooth, predictable, and free flow of trade across borders.
- 42. Veerapandya Kattabomman of Panchalankurichi was a prominent chieftain who heroically fought against the expansionist policies and revenue demands of the East India Company in the late 18th century. He refused to accept the Company's supremacy and its arbitrary imposition of taxes, leading to a series of confrontations. Kattabomman fortified his kingdom and engaged in armed resistance, inspiring widespread defiance among other Palayakkarars. Despite his valiant efforts and tactical acumen, the superior military might of the Company, coupled with betrayals, eventually led to his capture. He was publicly executed in 1799, but his sacrifice cemented his legacy as a martyr and a symbol of earl…
- 43. The Jute industry primarily uses jute as its raw material, which is extensively grown in the fertile plains of West Bengal and is also a major crop in Bangladesh. This industry is heavily concentrated in West Bengal, particularly in and around Kolkata, and also in Bangladesh. Its main products are coarse fabrics, ropes, sacks, mats, and other packaging materials, making it crucial for the agricultural sector. The industry is labor-intensive and also exhibits seasonality due to the dependence on the jute harvest. The sugar industry, on the other hand, uses sugarcane as its raw material, which is cultivated in states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The industry p…
- 44. 'Teri' refers to specific coastal landforms found along certain parts of the Tamil Nadu coastline. These are essentially old beach ridges composed of sand dunes that have been stabilized over time, often by the growth of vegetation such as casuarina trees. These stabilized dunes support unique scrub forest ecosystems and are a distinctive feature of the coastal geomorphology in the region.
- 45. India has several significant oil-producing regions. In the northeastern part of the country, Assam is a traditional oil-producing state, with important fields located in Digboi and Dibrugarh. The western coast is a major hub, with significant onshore production in Gujarat, including areas like Ankleshwar and the Cambay basin, as well as the extensive offshore fields of Bombay High, located off the coast of Maharashtra, which is India's largest oil-producing field. Other important offshore regions include the Krishna-Godavari basin in Andhra Pradesh and the Cauvery basin in Tamil Nadu. Additionally, recent discoveries have made Rajasthan, particularly the Barmer region, a notable contribu…
Brain Grain · braingrain.in
Social Science — Practice Paper · Set 2
Class: 10Samacheer KalviMax Marks: 91
Name: ____________________Reg No: ____________
Part I — Multiple Choice Questions 15 × 1 = 15
Choose the correct answer. (Answer all questions.)
1.6. When was the Warsaw Pact dissolved?a. 1979b. 1989c. 1990d. 1991[1]
2.The nucleus for the development of the Chotanagpur plateau region isa. Transportb. Mineral Depositsc. Large demandd. Power Availability[1]
3.Which one of the following rivers flows into the Arabian Sea?a. Periyarb. Cauveryc. Chittard. Bhavani[1]
4.Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?a. Germanyb. Russiac. Italyd. France[1]
5.Gross value added at current prices for services sector is estimated at ______ lakh crore in 2018-19.a. 91.06b. 92.26c. 80.07d. 98.29[1]
6.Where was the Japanese Navy defeated by the US Navy?a. Battle of Guadalcanalb. Battle of Midwayc. Battle of Leningradd. Battle of El Alamein[1]
7.Tidal forests are found in and around ____.A. DesertB. The Deltas of Ganga and BrahmaputraC. The Delta of GodavariD. The Delta of Mahanadhi[1]
8.On 8 January 1933 which day was observed? (Context: Gandhi–Irwin Pact enabled the Congress to attend the Second Round Table Conference.)a. Temple Entry Dayb. Day of Deliverancec. Direct Action Dayd. Independence Day[1]
9.The district with largest mangrove forest cover in Tamil Nadu isa. Ramanathapuramb. Nagapattinamc. Cuddalored. Theni[1]
10.______ established a full-fledged printing press in 1709, at Tranquebar.a. Caldwellb. F.W. Ellisc. Ziegenbalgd. Meenakshisundaram[1]
11.Assertion (A): The Congress Ministries resigned in 1939. Reason (R): The Colonial Government of India entered the Second World War without consulting the elected Congress ministries. Choose the correct option: a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is truea. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of Ab. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of Ac. A is true but R is falsed. A is false but R is true[1]
12.The length of Golden Quadrilateral superhighways in India isa. 5846 kmb. 5942 kmc. 5630 kmd. 5800 km[1]
13.Who had established close relationship with the three agents of Chanda Sahib?a. Velunachiyarb. Kattabommanc. Puli Thevard. Oomai thurai[1]
14.Under which Article financial emergency can be proclaimed?a. Article 352b. Article 356c. Article 360d. Article 368[1]
15.India's first organised trade union, the Madras Labour Union was formed ina. 1918b. 1917c. 1916d. 1914[1]
Part II — Fill in the Blanks 5 × 1 = 5
Fill in the blanks. (Answer all questions.)
16.____________ is a small Himalayan kingdom.[1]
17._____ treaty is open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the region.[1]
18._____ formed the first Congress Ministry in Madras.[1]
19.India conducted its first nuclear test at ___________.[1]
20._____ is the primary sector in India.[1]
Part III — Short Answer Questions 18 × 2 = 36
Answer briefly. (Answer all questions.)
21.Camp David Accords (treaty) is open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the region.[2]
22.Each student may be asked to write an assignment on how each sector and each section of population in the USA came to be affected by the Stock Market Crash in 1929.[2]
23.What is the role of FCI in the Green Revolution?[2]
24.What are minerals and state its type?[2]
25.What is globalization?[2]
26.What is MRTS?[2]
27.Define Agriculture.[2]
28.What is meant by entrepreneur?[2]
29.How did Hitler get the support from the people of Germany?[2]
30.Which Indian states do not have an international border?[2]
31.Define tax.[2]
32.What is entrepreneurship?[2]
33.The Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers. (Distinguish)[2]
34.Name the tributaries of river Thamirabarani.[2]
35.The Secret State Police in Nazi Germany was known as .[2]
36.Area-wise which is the smallest and which is the largest state?[2]
37.3. Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year[2]
38.Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. (Distinguish)[2]
Part IV — Long Answer Questions 7 × 5 = 35
Answer in detail. (Answer all questions.)
39.Highlight the essence of the Tiruchirappalli Procalamation of 1801.[5]
40.Write a short note 1) Gross National Happiness(GNH) 2) Human Development Index(HDI)[5]
41.What do you understand by the "Appellate Jurisdiction" of the High Court?[5]
42.3. Critically examine the powers and functions of the Parliament.[5]
43.Trace the reason for the formation of BRICS and write its objectives.[5]
44.Write a note on the Khilafat Movement.[5]
45.Give a detailed account on the basin of the Ganga.[5]
🔑 Show Answer Key — Set 2
- 1. d
- 2. b
- 3. a
- 4. b
- 5. b
- 6. b
- 7. A
- 8. a
- 9. c
- 10. c
- 11. a
- 12. a
- 13. c
- 14. c
- 15. a
- 16. Bhutan
- 17. Camp David Accords (Camp David treaty)
- 18. C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) formed the first Congress Ministry in Madras in 1937.
- 19. Pokhran (Rajasthan)
- 20. Agriculture
- 21. The Camp David Accords, signed in 1978, represent a landmark peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, brokered by the United States. This agreement was a significant step towards achieving peace and security in the Middle East. The accords provided a framework for normalization of relations between the two nations and addressed the issue of Palestinian autonomy. While the primary signatories were Egypt and Israel, the treaty was intentionally designed to be open and inclusive, encouraging other Arab nations desiring peace and security in the region to engage in similar diplomatic efforts and contribute to a broader regional settlement.
- 22. Activity / assignment — no single answer
- 23. The Food Corporation of India (FCI) plays an important role connected with the Green Revolution. It was set up in 1965 to manage the country's food grains. The FCI procures food grains such as wheat and rice from the farmers at the minimum support price, which encourages them to produce more. It stores the grains and maintains a buffer stock that can be used in times of shortage or natural calamity. It also distributes food grains through the Public Distribution System at fair prices. In these ways the FCI helped to make the Green Revolution a success and supports the food security of the country.
- 24. Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids possessing a definite chemical composition and a characteristic crystalline structure. They are the fundamental building blocks of the Earth's crust and are extracted through mining. Minerals are primarily classified into three main types. Metallic minerals contain metals and can be further divided into ferrous (containing iron, like iron ore, manganese) and non-ferrous (like copper, bauxite, gold). Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals and include substances like mica, gypsum, limestone, and phosphates. Energy or fuel minerals are essential for power generation and include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
- 25. Globalization is the profound and accelerating process by which countries, economies, cultures, and people across the world become increasingly interconnected and interdependent. This phenomenon is driven by the rapid expansion of cross-border trade in goods and services, increased international investment, the widespread diffusion of technology, enhanced communication networks, and the greater movement of people. It essentially signifies the shrinking of the world into a global village, where events and trends in one part of the world can have significant and immediate impacts on others. This interconnectedness manifests in various dimensions, including economic, cultural, political, and…
- 26. MRTS stands for Mass Rapid Transit System. In the context of Tamil Nadu, it specifically refers to the suburban elevated railway system operating in Chennai. This system is designed to provide efficient and high-capacity public transportation, alleviating traffic congestion in the metropolitan area. The MRTS connects various parts of the city, offering a faster alternative to road transport and playing a crucial role in the urban mobility of Chennai's residents.
- 27. Agriculture is a multifaceted discipline encompassing the science, art, and practice of cultivating the soil. This involves growing crops for food, fiber, and other products, as well as raising livestock for meat, milk, wool, and other animal by-products. It is a fundamental human activity that provides essential resources for sustenance, industry, and economic development, forming the basis of civilization.
- 28. An entrepreneur is an individual who identifies a business opportunity and takes the initiative to start and manage a new venture. This involves significant financial risk-taking in the hope of generating profit. Entrepreneurs are often characterized by their innovative spirit, introducing new products, services, or processes to the market. They are organizers and leaders, bringing together resources like capital, labor, and technology to create value and drive economic activity. Beyond profit, entrepreneurs contribute to job creation, economic growth, and the development of new industries.
- 29. Hitler won mass support by promising economic recovery and employment after the Great Depression, which had thrown millions of Germans out of work. He used powerful propaganda directed by Joseph Goebbels, huge mass rallies, and charismatic oratory to spread his message. He exploited nationalism and the deep resentment Germans felt over the harsh Treaty of Versailles, and he scapegoated minorities, especially the Jews, for the nation's problems. He also consolidated power through intimidation by the SA and SS and by eliminating rival parties. His promise to restore German pride and greatness appealed to workers, industrialists, and nationalists alike.
- 30. Several Indian states lie in the interior of the country and do not share any international border with a neighbouring nation. These landlocked, interior states include Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Telangana, Karnataka and Haryana, among others. Such states are surrounded only by other Indian states and have neither an international land boundary nor a sea coast, unlike the border states and the coastal states of the country.
- 31. A tax is a compulsory payment that individuals and organisations are legally required to make to the government, without receiving any direct benefit in return for that particular payment. Taxes are the main source of government revenue and are used to fund public services such as roads, schools, hospitals, defence and administration. Since a tax is imposed by law, no one can lawfully refuse to pay a tax that has been properly levied by the government.
- 32. Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of identifying opportunities, mobilizing resources, and organizing an enterprise to create, develop, and manage a new business venture. It involves a high degree of risk-taking, innovation, and strategic decision-making aimed at generating value, which can be financial profit, social impact, or both. Entrepreneurs who engage in this process are driven by a desire to innovate, solve problems, and capture market potential. Successful entrepreneurship leads to the creation of new jobs, the introduction of novel products and services, and contributes significantly to economic growth and societal progress.
- 33. Himalayan rivers are perennial, flowing throughout the year due to melting snow and glaciers, and have long courses with deep gorges. Examples include the Ganga and Brahmaputra. In contrast, Peninsular rivers are largely seasonal, dependent on monsoon rainfall, and have shorter, shallower courses. Examples are the Godavari and Krishna. Himalayan rivers originate from high mountains, while Peninsular rivers originate from the Peninsular plateau. This difference in origin and water source leads to significant variations in their flow characteristics and geomorphological features.
- 34. The river Thamirabarani, a significant river in Tamil Nadu, is supported by several tributaries that contribute to its water flow. Among its major tributaries are the Gadananathi (also known as Gadana Nathi), the Manimuthar, the Ramanathi, and the Pachaiyar. These tributaries originate in the Western Ghats and flow eastward, joining the Thamirabarani before it reaches the sea.
- 35. In Nazi Germany, the secret state police force was known as the Gestapo, which is an abbreviation for Geheime Staatspolizei. This organization was one of the most feared instruments of the Nazi regime, responsible for identifying and suppressing any opposition to the party's rule. The Gestapo operated outside the normal legal framework, using brutal methods including surveillance, arrest, torture, and execution to maintain Nazi control and enforce their ideology.
- 36. Area-wise, Goa is the smallest state of India, while Rajasthan is the largest state in terms of area. Goa, on the western coast, covers only a little over 3,700 square kilometres, whereas Rajasthan, in the north-west, covers about 342,000 square kilometres of mostly desert and semi-desert land. Thus there is an enormous difference in size between the smallest and the largest states of the country.
- 37. Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year 1902. This landmark agreement, known as the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, was a pivotal moment in international relations at the turn of the 20th century. For Britain, it was a strategic move to secure its interests in the Far East against the growing threat of Russian expansionism, allowing it to concentrate its naval power in European waters. For Japan, the alliance provided crucial diplomatic recognition and a powerful ally, which significantly bolstered its position against Russia and facilitated its imperial ambitions in Korea and Manchuria. The alliance played a key role in the lead-up to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, where B…
- 38. The Western Ghats are a continuous, higher mountain range running parallel to the west coast, with an average elevation of 900-1600 meters. They cause significant orographic rainfall. Conversely, the Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous, lower range parallel to the east coast, with an average elevation of about 600 meters, frequently dissected by east-flowing rivers. The Western Ghats have steep western slopes and gentle eastern slopes, while the Eastern Ghats are more irregular. This difference in continuity, height, and rainfall patterns are key distinguishing features.
- 39. The Tiruchirappalli Proclamation of 1801 is regarded as one of the earliest declarations of independence against British rule in India. It was issued during the Second Polygar War by the rebel leaders, including the Marudhu brothers of Sivagangai. The essence of the proclamation was a stirring call to all the people of the land to unite and to rise up against the foreign East India Company and drive it out of the country. It appealed to people of all communities and religions to forget their differences and to join together in the common cause of freedom. It questioned the very right of the Company to rule over the country and roused patriotic feeling against foreign domination. Copies of…
- 40. Gross National Happiness (GNH) and the Human Development Index (HDI) are measures that look beyond mere income to judge the well-being of people. Gross National Happiness is a concept developed by the small Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan. Instead of measuring only economic output, it tries to measure the real happiness and quality of life of the people, taking into account good governance, sustainable development, the preservation of culture and the protection of the environment. The Human Development Index, prepared by the United Nations Development Programme, is a combined measure of three things: a long and healthy life, measured by life expectancy; knowledge, measured by education and li…
- 41. The appellate jurisdiction of a High Court is its power to hear and decide appeals against the judgments and orders of the courts that are subordinate to it. This means that a person who is dissatisfied with the decision of a lower court can appeal to the High Court for a review of that decision. This jurisdiction covers both civil and criminal cases. In civil matters, appeals come from the decisions of district courts and other subordinate civil courts. In criminal matters, appeals may be made against the decisions of sessions courts, especially in cases where a heavy sentence, such as a long term of imprisonment or the death penalty, has been awarded. After hearing the appeal, the High…
- 42. The Parliament of India is the supreme law-making body of the country and performs several important functions. Its legislative function is to make laws on the subjects in the Union and Concurrent Lists. It exercises financial control, since no tax can be levied and no money spent by the government without the approval of Parliament. It controls the executive, because the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, which can remove the government through a vote of no-confidence. Parliament can also amend the Constitution, within the limits laid down by the Supreme Court. It performs electoral functions, such as taking part in the election of the President and the Vi…
- 43. The formation of BRICS, initially as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and later including South Africa, was driven by the need for major emerging economies to have a greater voice in global governance and economic affairs. These countries recognized their growing economic influence and sought a platform to coordinate policies, promote their collective interests, and advocate for reforms in international financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank, which they felt did not adequately represent developing nations. The primary objectives of BRICS include fostering economic cooperation and trade among member states, promoting sustainable development, and coordinating their positions…
- 44. The Khilafat Movement was a movement started by Indian Muslims in 1919-20. After the defeat of Turkey in the First World War, the British and their allies took away the powers of the Sultan of Turkey, who was also the Caliph, the religious head of Muslims all over the world. Indian Muslims, led by the Ali brothers, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, were greatly upset and began the Khilafat Movement to defend the position of the Caliph. Mahatma Gandhi supported the movement and joined it with the Non-Cooperation Movement, so as to bring about Hindu-Muslim unity in the struggle against the British. For a time the two communities worked closely together. The movement declined after 1922,…
- 45. The Ganga basin is one of the largest alluvial basins in the world, covering parts of northern and eastern India and Bangladesh. It originates in the Himalaya (confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda) and flows southeast across the plains, receiving major tributaries like the Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi (from the north/right) and the Son (from the south/left). The basin includes diverse landscapes from high mountains to fertile Gangetic plains with rich alluvium (Bhangar and Khadar). It supports dense population, intensive agriculture (rice, wheat, sugarcane), major cities, river transport, and extensive irrigation and hydropower systems. The basin is culturally significant and prone to…
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Social Science — Practice Paper · Set 3
Class: 10Samacheer KalviMax Marks: 91
Name: ____________________Reg No: ____________
Part I — Multiple Choice Questions 15 × 1 = 15
Choose the correct answer. (Answer all questions.)
1.3. The most important constituents of petroleum are hydrogen anda. Oxygenb. Waterc. Carbond. Nitrogen[1]
2.How can the Fundamental Rights be suspended?(a). If the Supreme Court so desires(b). If the Prime Minister orders to this effect(c). If the President orders it during the national emergency(d). All of the above[1]
3.Which two island countries are India's neighbours?a. Sri Lanka and Andaman islandb. Maldieves and Lakshadweep islandc. Maldieves and Nicobar islandd. Sri Lanka and Maldives[1]
4.Non-Alliance meansa. being neutralb. freedom to decide on issues independentlyc. demilitarisationd. none of the above[1]
5.The treaty of _____ provided for mandates in Turkish -Arab Empire.a. SEATOb. NATOc. CENTOd. Warsaw Pact[1]
6.___________ was India's policy in the face of the bipolar order of the cold war.a. Trade and Commerceb. Restoration of normal relationsc. Cultural exchange programmesd. The Five Principles of Co existence[1]
7.'The Detroit of Asia' is ___________.a. Tuticorinb. Coimbatorec. Chennaid. Madurai[1]
8.Which one of the following is not having leather factories?a. Ranipetb. Dharmapuric. Amburd. Vaniyambadi[1]
9.Which of the following organization has divided the Indian soils into 8 major groups?a. Indian Council of Agricultural Researchb. Indian Meteorological Departmentc. Soil Survey of Indiad. Indian Institute of Soil Science[1]
10.Number of major and minor ports in Tamil Nadu area. 3 and 15b. 4 and 16c. 3 and 16d. 4 and 15[1]
11.Special Economic Zones policy was introduced in ___________.a. Salemb. Coimbatorec. Chennaid. Dharampuri[1]
12.Whose voice was Rast Goftar?a. Parsi Movementb. Aligarh Movementc. Ramakrishna Missiond. Dravida Mahajana Sabha[1]
13.Find out the militant nationalist from the following.a. Dadabhai Naorojib. Justice Govind Ranadec. Bipin Chandra Pald. Romesh Chandra[1]
14.Which of the following passes is not located in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu?a. Palghatb. Shencottahc. Bhorghatd. Achankoil[1]
15.Where did the US drop its first atomic bomb?a. Kavashakib. Tokyoc. Hiroshimad. Nagasaki[1]
Part II — Fill in the Blanks 5 × 1 = 5
Fill in the blanks. (Answer all questions.)
16.____ established Congress Radio (underground) during the Quit India Movement.[1]
17.Government of India Act 1919 introduced ____ in the provinces.[1]
18.The alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan is known as _____.[1]
19.The United States and European allies formed _____ to resist any Soviet aggression in Europe.[1]
20.Oru Paisa Tamilan was started by _____.[1]
Part III — Short Answer Questions 18 × 2 = 36
Answer briefly. (Answer all questions.)
21.Name the neighbouring countries of India.[2]
22.Find out the states through which the river Ganga flows.[2]
23.1. Japan forced a war on China in the year[2]
24.What is tax evasion?[2]
25.List out the member countries of SAARC.[2]
26.What is a Constitution?[2]
27.What are the effects of Green Revolution?[2]
28.3. South Indian Rivers are east flowing. Give reason.[2]
29.After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the Kuomintang party was Chiang Kai-shek.[2]
30.Mention any three industrial development agencies in Tamil Nadu.[2]
31.What are the cropping seasons of Tamil Nadu[2]
32.In 1918, the society for the study of Marxism was formed in Peking (Beijing) University.[2]
33.What is meant by Gross domestic product?[2]
34.What is a Writ?[2]
35.7. Name the important oil producing regions of India.[2]
36.Write the types of globalization.[2]
37.6. What is 'burst of monsoon'?[2]
38.What is a Writ?[2]
Part IV — Long Answer Questions 7 × 5 = 35
Answer in detail. (Answer all questions.)
39.Students have to collect the images regarded to the globalization and make the album. (south Indian trade and traders images, and silk route map, spice route map, and kalinga trade map, etc)[5]
40.3. Distinguish between Agro-based industry and mineral-based industry.[5]
41.Prepare an album with pictures of frontline leaders of all the anti-colonial struggles launched against the British.[5]
42.2. Involving the entire class, an album may be prepared with pictures relating to Korean, Arab-Israeli and Vietnam Wars to highlight the human sufferings in terms of death and devastation.[5]
43.Discuss the reasons behind the partition of India.[5]
44.Write some name of the nutrition programmes in Tamil Nadu.[5]
45.What are the powers and functions of the Chief Minister?[5]
🔑 Show Answer Key — Set 3
- 1. c
- 2. Fundamental Rights, while guaranteed by the Constitution, are not absolute and can be suspended under specific extraordinary circumstances, primarily during a National Emergency. A National Emergency can be proclaimed by the President under Article 352 of the Constitution when the security of India or any part thereof is threatened by war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. Upon such a proclamation, the rights guaranteed by Article 19 (which includes freedoms like speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession) are automatically suspended under Article 358. Furthermore, under Article 359, the President can issue an order suspending the right to move any court for…
- 3. d
- 4. b
- 5. The Treaty of Sèvres, signed in 1920, was one of the treaties that concluded World War I between the Allied powers and the Ottoman Empire. This treaty was particularly harsh on the Ottoman Empire and provided for the division of its territories, including the Turkish-Arab Empire, into various mandates and spheres of influence controlled by Allied powers. The treaty effectively dismantled the Ottoman Empire, leading to the creation of new states in the Middle East under League of Nations mandates, administered by Britain and France. The harsh terms of the treaty also fueled Turkish nationalism and ultimately led to its renegotiation through the Treaty of Lausanne.
- 6. d
- 7. c
- 8. b
- 9. c
- 10. Tamil Nadu has a significant coastline and a well-developed port infrastructure. The state has a total of 10 major and minor ports. Among the major ports, Chennai, Ennore, and Thoothukudi are the most prominent, handling a substantial volume of cargo. These major ports are crucial for international trade and facilitate the import and export of goods. In addition to these, Tamil Nadu possesses several minor ports, such as Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, and Rameswaram, which play a vital role in coastal shipping, fishing, and local trade. The presence of these numerous ports underscores Tamil Nadu's importance as a maritime state in India.
- 11. c
- 12. a
- 13. c
- 14. c
- 15. c
- 16. Usha Mehta
- 17. Dyarchy
- 18. the Axis Powers (Tripartite Pact)
- 19. NATO
- 20. Iyothee Thassar
- 21. India shares its land and sea boundaries with several neighbouring countries. To the north-west lie Pakistan and Afghanistan; to the north lie China, Nepal and Bhutan; and to the east lie Bangladesh and Myanmar. Across the seas to the south lie the island nations of Sri Lanka, in the Indian Ocean, and the Maldives, in the Arabian Sea. These neighbours together make India an important country in the South Asian region.
- 22. The river Ganga, one of the most sacred and significant rivers in India, originates from the Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand. From its source, it flows through several major Indian states, serving as a lifeline for millions of people and supporting vast agricultural lands. The states through which the river Ganga flows are Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. After traversing these states, the river enters Bangladesh, where it is known as the Padma, eventually joining the Brahmaputra (Jamuna) and forming the world's largest delta, the Sunderbans, before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. Its basin is one of the most densely populated regions in the world, playing a…
- 23. Japan forced a war on China in the year 1894. This conflict is known as the First Sino-Japanese War, which lasted from 1894 to 1895. The war was primarily fought over influence and control of Korea, which was a tributary state of China's Qing Dynasty. Japan, having undergone rapid modernization and military reforms, sought to expand its imperial ambitions in East Asia. The Japanese military decisively defeated the Chinese forces, demonstrating its growing power and the weakness of the Qing Empire. The war concluded with the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, which granted Japan significant territorial concessions, including Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula, and recognized Korea's independenc…
- 24. Tax evasion is the illegal act of deliberately avoiding the payment of taxes that are legally due. A person evades tax by concealing his true income, showing false or inflated expenses, hiding his wealth, or giving incorrect information to the tax authorities. Tax evasion is a punishable offence, because it cheats the government of the revenue that is needed for public services and development. It should not be confused with tax avoidance, which means reducing one's tax in a legal way by making use of the exemptions and provisions allowed under the law.
- 25. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia. Its member countries are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. These nations collaborate on various issues of common interest, including economic development, poverty alleviation, and regional security.
- 26. A Constitution is the supreme law of a country that lays down the fundamental principles governing its governance. It defines the framework of government, outlining the structure, powers, and responsibilities of its various organs—the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Furthermore, it specifies the allocation of powers among different levels of government in a federal system and establishes the rights and duties of citizens. A constitution serves as a foundational document that reflects the aspirations and values of a nation, provides stability, ensures the rule of law, and prevents the arbitrary exercise of power by any authority. It can be written or unwritten, rigid or flexible, bu…
- 27. The Green Revolution had several important effects on Indian agriculture. It greatly increased the production of food grains, especially wheat and rice, and made India self-sufficient in food. It introduced high-yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides and modern irrigation and machinery, and the incomes of many farmers rose as a result. However, it also had some negative effects. It benefited mainly the richer farmers and certain regions such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, and so increased inequalities. The heavy use of chemicals and water also caused environmental problems such as soil degradation, pollution and falling levels of ground water.
- 28. Most South Indian rivers, also known as Peninsular rivers, are east-flowing because the general slope of the Peninsular plateau is from west to east. This geological tilt dictates the drainage pattern, causing major rivers like the Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, and Mahanadi to originate in the Western Ghats or central highlands and then flow eastward across the plateau. They eventually drain into the Bay of Bengal, forming extensive deltas along the eastern coast. The only significant exceptions are the Narmada and Tapi rivers, which flow westwards into the Arabian Sea through rift valleys.
- 29. Following the untimely death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek assumed leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) party. Chiang Kai-shek, also known as Jiang Jieshi, played a crucial role in the subsequent history of China. He led the KMT in its efforts to unify the country and fought against the warlords and later the Communist Party of China. His leadership was instrumental in the establishment of the Nationalist government in Nanjing and its resistance against Japanese invasion during World War II. However, his rule eventually led to the KMT's defeat by the Communists in the Chinese Civil War, forcing him and his followers to retreat to Taiwan.
- 30. Three important industrial development agencies in Tamil Nadu are TIDCO (Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation), which focuses on promoting large and medium-scale industries; SIDCO (Small Industries Development Corporation), which supports the growth of small-scale industries by providing infrastructure and financial assistance; and SIPCOT (State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu), which develops industrial parks and attracts major investments, including foreign direct investment, by offering developed infrastructure and incentives.
- 31. Tamil Nadu experiences three main cropping seasons based on the availability of water and climatic conditions. These seasons are Kuruvai, Samba, and Thaladi. The Kuruvai season typically runs from June to September, relying on the southwest monsoon and often supplemented by irrigation. The Samba season extends from August to January, and the Thaladi season follows from October to March. These seasons are crucial for the state's agricultural output, with different crops being cultivated during each period depending on water availability, primarily from monsoon rainfall and river systems like the Cauvery.
- 32. The Society for the Study of Marxism was established in 1918 at Peking University, a significant development in the intellectual landscape of China during a period of immense political and social upheaval. Its formation marked the growing interest among Chinese intellectuals in Marxist ideology as a potential framework for understanding and addressing the nation's profound challenges. This society became a crucial hub for disseminating Marxist ideas, fostering debate, and influencing the nascent communist movement in China, ultimately contributing to the ideological currents that would shape the country's future.
- 33. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total money value of all the final goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of a country during a given period, usually one year. It counts the production that takes place inside the country, whether by its own citizens or by foreigners, but it does not include the income earned by the country's citizens abroad. GDP is one of the most important measures used to judge the size of an economy and the rate at which it is growing.
- 34. A writ is a formal written order issued by a court, typically a higher court, directing a person or authority to do or refrain from doing something. In India, the Supreme Court under Article 32 and the High Courts under Article 226 are empowered to issue five types of writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights and for other legal purposes. These include Habeas Corpus, which commands a person who has detained another to produce the detainee before the court; Mandamus, which orders a public official or body to perform a duty; Prohibition, which forbids a lower court or tribunal from exceeding its jurisdiction; Certiorari, which quashes an order passed by a lower court or tribunal; and…
- 35. India possesses several important oil-producing regions, both onshore and offshore. In the northeastern part of the country, Assam has historically been a significant producer, with areas like Digboi being prominent. The western coast is another major hub, with Gujarat featuring regions such as Ankleshwar and the Cambay basin. The most substantial production comes from offshore fields, particularly Bombay High, located off the coast of Maharashtra. Additionally, the Krishna-Godavari basin in Andhra Pradesh and the Cauvery basin in Tamil Nadu are also notable oil-producing areas.
- 36. Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon, and its major types include economic, cultural, political, technological, and ecological or global environmental globalization. Economic globalization involves the increasing integration of national economies through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, and the movement of labor. Cultural globalization refers to the worldwide spread of ideas, meanings, and values, leading to a homogenization or hybridization of cultures. Political globalization signifies the growth of international organizations, the spread of governmental policies and forms, and the increasing interdependence of national governments. Technological globalization invo…
- 37. The 'burst of the monsoon' refers to the sudden and violent onset of the south-west monsoon over India around the beginning of June. After the long, dry, hot summer, the monsoon winds arrive quite suddenly, bringing a rapid and heavy fall of rain accompanied by thunder and lightning, instead of a slow, gradual increase. This sudden arrival of the rain-bearing winds is called the burst of the monsoon. It brings great relief from the summer heat and marks the beginning of the rainy season, on which Indian agriculture so heavily depends.
- 38. A writ is a formal written order issued by a higher court, specifically the Supreme Court or a High Court in India, directing a person or an authority to perform a specific act or to refrain from acting in a particular manner. These orders are crucial instruments for enforcing legal rights, correcting jurisdictional errors, and ensuring justice. In the context of the Indian Constitution, writs are primarily used to protect and enforce the fundamental rights of citizens. The five main types of writs are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto, each serving a distinct purpose in directing action or inaction by public authorities or individuals to uphold the rule o…
- 39. Collect historical and modern images illustrating trade: South Indian traders, Silk Route map, Spice Route map, Kalinga trade map, port scenes, MNC logos, and transport images; arrange with captions and short explanations.
- 40. Agro-based industries derive their raw materials from agricultural products. Examples include the textile industry (using cotton, wool, silk), sugar industry (using sugarcane), food processing industry (using fruits, vegetables, grains), and paper industry (using wood pulp). These industries are often seasonal, depending on the harvest cycles of their raw materials, and are typically located near the sources of agricultural production to minimize transportation costs and ensure the freshness of perishable inputs. In contrast, mineral-based industries utilize minerals and ores as their primary raw materials. Examples include iron and steel, aluminium, cement, and petrochemical industries.…
- 41. Suggested leaders to include: Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmi Bai, Nana Sahib, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Birsa Munda, Sidhu and Kanhu, Tilak, Annie Besant, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Dadabhai Naoroji, Bipin Chandra Pal, Khudiram Bose, and other regional tribal and peasant leaders.
- 42. To highlight the profound human suffering caused by wars, a class album can be collaboratively prepared using pictures and information related to the Korean War, the Arab-Israeli conflicts, and the Vietnam War. This album should include compelling historical photographs that depict the devastation, displacement, and loss of life experienced by civilian populations and combatants alike. Alongside the images, brief descriptions, eyewitness accounts, and casualty figures should be incorporated to provide context and emphasize the tragic consequences of these conflicts. The final section of the album should offer reflections on the humanitarian impact, encouraging students to consider the bro…
- 43. The partition of India in 1947, which created the separate state of Pakistan, happened for several reasons. The main reason was the growth of communalism and the 'two-nation theory' put forward by the Muslim League under Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which claimed that Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations who could not live together in one country. The British policy of 'divide and rule', including the introduction of separate electorates, had over the years deepened the divisions between the two communities. Repeated communal riots and growing mistrust made unity difficult. The Muslim League's insistent demand for a separate homeland, the failure of repeated efforts to reach a settlement…
- 44. Tamil Nadu is well known for its many nutrition and welfare programmes aimed at improving the health and food security of its people. Some of the important programmes are the following. The Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutritious Meal Programme, the famous Mid-Day Meal Scheme, provides free cooked meals to schoolchildren and was a pioneering scheme in India. The Integrated Child Development Services scheme runs Anganwadi centres that give supplementary nutrition to small children, pregnant women and nursing mothers. The Public Distribution System supplies rice and other essential goods at low prices through ration shops. There are also special schemes providing eggs, pulses and additional nu…
- 45. The Chief Minister is the real head of the state government and the leader of the Council of Ministers. His main powers and functions are as follows. He forms the Council of Ministers, allocates departments among the ministers, and can reshuffle or drop them. He presides over the meetings of the Cabinet and coordinates the work of all the departments of the government. He is the chief link between the Governor and the Council of Ministers, conveying the decisions of the Cabinet to the Governor and advising him on important appointments. He leads the government in the legislature and is its chief spokesperson. He plays the main role in framing the policies and programmes of the state gover…