📦 Grade 10 Maths · Unit 7 · Samacheer Kalvi

Mensuration — Class 10 Samacheer Maths (Unit 7)

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Complete step-by-step solutions for every exercise in Unit 7. Click any question to expand the full working.

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Mensuration is Unit 7 of the Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi Class 10 Maths textbook. This page gives complete, verified book back answers and step-by-step solutions for every exercise in the chapter, the Unit Exercise, and the 1-mark public-exam MCQs.

What does this unit cover? Mensuration covers the surface area and volume of three-dimensional solids — cylinders, cones, spheres, hemispheres and frustums — together with combinations of solids and the conversion of one solid into another. Standard results include the curved surface area 2πrh and volume πr²h of a cylinder, the volume ⅓πr²h and curved surface area πrl of a cone, and the surface area 4πr² and volume ⅔πr³ of a sphere.

Mensuration — key concepts & quick answers

What are the curved surface area and volume of a cylinder?
For a cylinder of base radius r and height h: curved surface area = 2πrh and volume = πr²h.
What are the curved surface area and volume of a cone?
For a cone of radius r, height h and slant height l = √(r² + h²): curved surface area = πrl and volume = ⅓πr²h.
What are the surface area and volume of a sphere and a hemisphere?
Sphere: surface area = 4πr², volume = (4/3)πr³. Hemisphere: curved surface area = 2πr², total surface area = 3πr², volume = (2/3)πr³.
What is a frustum of a cone and its volume?
A frustum is the solid left when a cone is cut by a plane parallel to its base. Its volume = ⅓πh(R² + Rr + r²), where R and r are the two radii and h the height.
How do you find the volume of a combined solid?
Split the shape into basic solids (cylinder, cone, sphere, hemisphere) and add or subtract their individual volumes as required.
📋 Exercises in this unit
Ex 7.1 — Surface Area Ex 7.1 — -- Ex 7.2 — Volume Ex 7.2 — -- Ex 7.3 — Volume and Surface Area of Combined Solids Ex 7.3 — -- Ex 7.4 — Conversion of Solids from one shape to another with no change in Volume Ex 7.4 — -- Ex 7.UE — Unit Exercise Ex 7.UE — Unit Exercise
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Ex 7.1Surface Area1 questions
Q.1 Question 1
✓ Solution

Mathematics : Mensuration : Surface Area of Right Circular Cylinder, Hollow Cylinder, Cone, Sphere and Frustum : Exercise Questions with Answers


Ex 7.1--10 questions
Q.1 The radius and height of a cylinder are in the ratio $5:7$ and its curved surface area is $5500\text{ cm}^2$.
✓ Solution

Let:

$$ r=5x,\qquad h=7x $$

Curved Surface Area of cylinder:

$$ 2\pi rh=5500 $$

$$ 2\times\frac{22}{7}\times5x\times7x=5500 $$

$$ 220x^2=5500 $$

$$ x^2=25 $$

$$ x=5 $$

Therefore,

$$ r=5(5)=25\text{ cm} $$

$$ h=7(5)=35\text{ cm} $$

Answer

$$ 25\text{ cm},\ 35\text{ cm} $$

Q.2 A solid iron cylinder has total surface area of $1848\text{ m}^2$.
✓ Solution

Total surface area:

$$ TSA=1848 $$

Curved surface area:

$$ CSA=\frac56\times1848 $$

$$ CSA=1540 $$

For cylinder:

$$ 2\pi rh=1540 $$

Also,

$$ TSA=2\pi r(h+r) $$

$$ 1848=2\pi r(h+r) $$

Using

$$ 2\pi rh=1540 $$

$$ 1848-1540=2\pi r^2 $$

$$ 308=2\pi r^2 $$

$$ 308=2\times\frac{22}{7}r^2 $$

$$ r^2=49 $$

$$ r=7\text{ m} $$

Now,

$$ 2\times\frac{22}{7}\times7\times h=1540 $$

$$ 44h=1540 $$

$$ h=35\text{ m} $$

Answer

$$ 7\text{ m},\ 35\text{ m} $$

Q.3 The external radius and the length of a hollow wooden log are $16$ cm and $13$ cm respectively.
✓ Solution

External radius:

$$ R=16\text{ cm} $$

Thickness:

$$ 4\text{ cm} $$

Internal radius:

$$ r=16-4=12\text{ cm} $$

Length:

$$ h=13\text{ cm} $$

Total surface area of hollow cylinder:

$$ TSA=2\pi h(R+r)+2\pi(R^2-r^2) $$

$$ =2\times\frac{22}{7}\times13(16+12) + 2\times\frac{22}{7}(256-144) $$

$$ =2288+704 $$

$$ =2992 $$

Answer

$$ 2992\text{ cm}^2 $$

Q.4 A right angled triangle $PQR$ where $\angle Q=90^\circ$ is rotated about $QR$ and $PQ$.
✓ Solution

Using Pythagoras theorem:

$$ PQ^2+QR^2=PR^2 $$

$$ PQ^2+16^2=20^2 $$

$$ PQ^2=144 $$

$$ PQ=12\text{ cm} $$

Cone formed about $QR$

Radius:

$$ r=12 $$

Slant height:

$$ l=20 $$

$$ CSA=\pi rl $$

$$ =\pi(12)(20)=240\pi $$

Cone formed about $PQ$

Radius:

$$ r=16 $$

Slant height:

$$ l=20 $$

$$ CSA=\pi(16)(20)=320\pi $$

Since

$$ 320\pi>240\pi $$

Answer

CSA of the cone when rotated about $PQ$ is larger.

Q.5 4 persons live in a conical tent whose slant height is $19$ cm.
✓ Solution

Total floor area:

$$ 4\times22=88\text{ cm}^2 $$

Base area:

$$ \pi r^2=88 $$

$$ \frac{22}{7}r^2=88 $$

$$ r^2=28 $$

$$ r=\sqrt{28} $$

Given slant height:

$$ l=19 $$

For cone:

$$ l^2=r^2+h^2 $$

$$ 19^2=28+h^2 $$

$$ 361=28+h^2 $$

$$ h^2=333 $$

$$ h\approx18.25 $$

Answer

$$ 18.25\text{ cm} $$

Q.6 A girl wishes to prepare birthday caps in the form of right circular cones for her birthday party, using a sheet of paper whose area is $5720\text{ cm}^2$.
✓ Solution

Slant height:

$$ l=\sqrt{5^2+12^2} $$

$$ =\sqrt{169}=13 $$

Curved surface area of one cap:

$$ \pi rl $$

$$ =\frac{22}{7}\times5\times13 $$

$$ =\frac{1430}{7} $$

Number of caps:

$$ \frac{5720}{1430/7} $$

$$ =28 $$

Answer

$$ 28\text{ caps} $$

Q.7 The ratio of the radii of two right circular cones of same height is $1:3$.
✓ Solution

Let smaller radius:

$$ r $$

Larger radius:

$$ 3r $$

Height:

$$ h=3r $$

Smaller cone slant height:

$$ l_1=\sqrt{r^2+9r^2} $$

$$ =\sqrt{10}r $$

CSA:

$$ \pi r(\sqrt{10}r) = \pi r^2\sqrt{10} $$

Larger cone slant height:

$$ l_2=\sqrt{(3r)^2+(3r)^2} $$

$$ =\sqrt{18}r = 3\sqrt2r $$

CSA:

$$ \pi(3r)(3\sqrt2r) = 9\sqrt2\pi r^2 $$

Ratio:

$$ \sqrt{10}:9\sqrt2 $$

$$ =\sqrt5:9 $$

Answer

$$ \sqrt5:9 $$

Q.8 The radius of a sphere increases by $25\%$.
✓ Solution

Surface area of sphere:

$$ 4\pi r^2 $$

New radius:

$$ 1.25r $$

New surface area:

$$ 4\pi(1.25r)^2 $$

$$ =4\pi(1.5625r^2) $$

Increase:

$$ 1.5625-1=0.5625 $$

$$ 0.5625\times100=56.25\% $$

Answer

$$ 56.25\% $$

Q.9 The internal and external diameters of a hollow hemispherical vessel are $20$ cm and $28$ cm respectively.
✓ Solution

Internal radius:

$$ r=10\text{ cm} $$

External radius:

$$ R=14\text{ cm} $$

Area to paint:

$$ 2\pi R^2+2\pi r^2+\pi(R^2-r^2) $$

$$ = 2\pi(196)+2\pi(100)+\pi(96) $$

$$ = 392\pi+200\pi+96\pi $$

$$ =688\pi $$

$$ =688\times\frac{22}{7} $$

$$ =2162.29 $$

Cost:

$$ 2162.29\times0.14 $$

$$ =302.72 $$

Answer

$$ ₹302.72 $$


Ex 7.2Volume1 questions
Q.1 Question 1
✓ Solution

Mathematics : Mensuration : Volume of Cylinder, Cone, Sphere, Hemisphere and Frustum : Exercise Questions with Answers


Ex 7.2--10 questions
Q.1 A $14$ m deep well with inner diameter $10$ m is dug and the earth taken out is evenly spread all around the well to form an embankment of width $5$ m.
✓ Solution

Radius of well:

$$ r=5\text{ m} $$

Depth:

$$ h=14\text{ m} $$

Volume of earth dug out:

$$ V=\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\pi(5)^2(14) $$

$$ =350\pi $$

Outer radius of embankment:

$$ R=5+5=10\text{ m} $$

Let height of embankment be $x$.

Volume of embankment:

$$ \pi(R^2-r^2)x $$

$$ =\pi(100-25)x $$

$$ =75\pi x $$

Equating volumes:

$$ 75\pi x=350\pi $$

$$ x=\frac{350}{75} $$

$$ x=4.67 $$

Answer

$$ 4.67\text{ m} $$

Q.2 A cylindrical glass with diameter $20$ cm has water to a height of $9$ cm.
✓ Solution

Radius of glass:

$$ R=10\text{ cm} $$

Radius of metal cylinder:

$$ r=5\text{ cm} $$

Height of metal cylinder:

$$ h=4\text{ cm} $$

Volume displaced:

$$ V=\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\pi(5)^2(4) $$

$$ =100\pi $$

Let rise in water level be $x$.

Volume rise in glass:

$$ \pi R^2x $$

$$ =\pi(10)^2x $$

$$ =100\pi x $$

Equating,

$$ 100\pi x=100\pi $$

$$ x=1 $$

Answer

$$ 1\text{ cm} $$

Q.3 If the circumference of a conical wooden piece is $484$ cm then find its volume when its height is $105$ cm.
✓ Solution

Circumference:

$$ 2\pi r=484 $$

$$ 2\times\frac{22}{7}r=484 $$

$$ r=77\text{ cm} $$

Height:

$$ h=105\text{ cm} $$

Volume of cone:

$$ V=\frac13\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\frac13\times\frac{22}{7}\times77^2\times105 $$

$$ =652190 $$

Answer

$$ 652190\text{ cm}^3 $$

Q.4 A conical container is fully filled with petrol.
✓ Solution

Volume of cone:

$$ V=\frac13\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\frac13\times\frac{22}{7}\times10^2\times15 $$

$$ =1571.43\text{ m}^3 $$

Rate of release:

$$ 25\text{ m}^3/\text{min} $$

Time:

$$ \frac{1571.43}{25} $$

$$ =62.86 $$

Answer

$$ 63\text{ minutes (approx)} $$

Q.5 A right angled triangle whose sides are $6$ cm, $8$ cm and $10$ cm is revolved about the sides containing the right angle in two ways.
✓ Solution

First cone

Radius:

$$ r=6 $$

Height:

$$ h=8 $$

Volume:

$$ V_1=\frac13\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\frac13\pi(6)^2(8) $$

$$ =96\pi $$

Second cone

Radius:

$$ r=8 $$

Height:

$$ h=6 $$

Volume:

$$ V_2=\frac13\pi(8)^2(6) $$

$$ =128\pi $$

Difference:

$$ 128\pi-96\pi $$

$$ =32\pi $$

$$ =100.58 $$

Answer

$$ 100.58\text{ cm}^3 $$

Q.6 The volumes of two cones of same base radius are $3600\text{ cm}^3$ and $5040\text{ cm}^3$.
✓ Solution

For cones with same radius:

$$ V\propto h $$

Therefore,

$$ h_1:h_2=3600:5040 $$

$$ =5:7 $$

Answer

$$ 5:7 $$

Q.7 If the ratio of radii of two spheres is $4:7$, find the ratio of their volumes.
✓ Solution

Volume of sphere:

$$ V\propto r^3 $$

Therefore,

$$ 4^3:7^3 $$

$$ 64:343 $$

Answer

$$ 64:343 $$

Q.8 A solid sphere and a solid hemisphere have equal total surface area.
✓ Solution

Prove that the ratio of their volumes is $3\sqrt3:4$.

Proof

Let radius of sphere be $R$.

Let radius of hemisphere be $r$.

Surface area of sphere:

$$ 4\pi R^2 $$

Total surface area of hemisphere:

$$ 3\pi r^2 $$

Given equal:

$$ 4\pi R^2=3\pi r^2 $$

$$ R^2=\frac34r^2 $$

$$ R=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}r $$

Volume of sphere:

$$ V_1=\frac43\pi R^3 $$

Volume of hemisphere:

$$ V_2=\frac23\pi r^3 $$

Ratio:

$$ V_1:V_2 = \frac43\pi R^3:\frac23\pi r^3 $$

$$ =2R^3:r^3 $$

Substitute:

$$ R=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}r $$

$$ =2\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\right)^3 $$

$$ =\frac{3\sqrt3}{4} $$

Hence,

$$ 3\sqrt3:4 $$

Hence proved.

Q.9 The outer and inner surface areas of a spherical copper shell are $576\pi\text{ cm}^2$ and $324\pi\text{ cm}^2$ respectively.
✓ Solution

Outer surface area:

$$ 4\pi R^2=576\pi $$

$$ R^2=144 $$

$$ R=12 $$

Inner surface area:

$$ 4\pi r^2=324\pi $$

$$ r^2=81 $$

$$ r=9 $$

Volume of shell:

$$ V=\frac43\pi(R^3-r^3) $$

$$ =\frac43\pi(1728-729) $$

$$ =\frac43\pi(999) $$

$$ =4186.29 $$

Answer

$$ 4186.29\text{ cm}^3 $$

Q.10 A container open at the top is in the form of a frustum of a cone of height 16 cm with radii of its lower and upper ends 8 cm and 20 cm respectively. Find the cost of milk which can completely fill the container at the rate of ₹40 per litre.

Solution (concise):

Volume V = (1/3)π h (R² + r² + Rr) = (1/3)π·16·(400+64+160) = 3328·π cm³ = 3328·(22/7) = 10,459.4286 cm³ ≈ 10.45943 litres.

Cost = 10.45943 × 40 ≈ ₹418.38.

Answer: ₹418.38 (approx)


Ex 7.3Volume and Surface Area of Combined Solids1 questions
Q.1 Question 1
✓ Solution

Mathematics : Mensuration : Volume and Surface Area of Combined Solids : Exercise Questions with Answers


Ex 7.3--8 questions
Q.1 A vessel is in the form of a hemispherical bowl mounted by a hollow cylinder.
✓ Solution

Diameter:

$$ 14\text{ cm} $$

Radius:

$$ r=7\text{ cm} $$

Height of hemisphere:

$$ 7\text{ cm} $$

Height of cylinder:

$$ 13-7=6\text{ cm} $$

Volume of hemisphere

$$ V_1=\frac23\pi r^3 $$

$$ =\frac23\times\frac{22}{7}\times7^3 $$

$$ =718.67\text{ cm}^3 $$

Volume of cylinder

$$ V_2=\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\frac{22}{7}\times7^2\times6 $$

$$ =924\text{ cm}^3 $$

Total capacity

$$ V=718.67+924 $$

$$ =1642.67 $$

Answer

$$ 1642.67\text{ cm}^3 $$

Q.2 Nathan, an engineering student was asked to make a model shaped like a cylinder with two cones attached at its two ends.
✓ Solution

Radius:

$$ r=\frac32=1.5\text{ cm} $$

Each cone height:

$$ 2\text{ cm} $$

Total cone height:

$$ 4\text{ cm} $$

Cylinder height:

$$ 12-4=8\text{ cm} $$

Volume of cylinder

$$ V_1=\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\pi(1.5)^2(8) $$

$$ =18\pi $$

Volume of two cones

$$ V_2=2\left(\frac13\pi r^2h\right) $$

$$ =2\left(\frac13\pi(1.5)^2(2)\right) $$

$$ =3\pi $$

Total volume

$$ V=18\pi+3\pi $$

$$ =21\pi $$

$$ =66 $$

Answer

$$ 66\text{ cm}^3 $$

Q.3 From a solid cylinder whose height is $2.4$ cm and diameter $1.4$ cm, a cone of the same height and same diameter is carved out.
✓ Solution

Radius:

$$ r=0.7\text{ cm} $$

Height:

$$ h=2.4\text{ cm} $$

Volume of cylinder

$$ V_1=\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\frac{22}{7}(0.7)^2(2.4) $$

$$ =3.696 $$

Volume of cone

$$ V_2=\frac13\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\frac13(3.696) $$

$$ =1.232 $$

Remaining volume

$$ V=3.696-1.232 $$

$$ =2.464 $$

Answer

$$ 2.46\text{ cm}^3 $$

Q.4 A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height $12$ cm and radius $6$ cm standing on a hemisphere of radius $6$ cm is placed upright in a right circular cylinder full of water such that i…
✓ Solution

Water displaced equals volume of solid immersed.

Volume of cone

$$ V_1=\frac13\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\frac13\pi(6)^2(12) $$

$$ =144\pi $$

Volume of hemisphere

$$ V_2=\frac23\pi r^3 $$

$$ =\frac23\pi(6)^3 $$

$$ =144\pi $$

Total volume displaced

$$ V=144\pi+144\pi $$

$$ =288\pi $$

$$ =905.14 $$

Answer

$$ 905.14\text{ cm}^3 $$

Q.5 A capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to each of its ends.
✓ Solution

Radius:

$$ r=1.5\text{ mm} $$

Length of cylindrical part:

$$ 12-3=9\text{ mm} $$

Volume of cylinder

$$ V_1=\pi r^2h $$

$$ =\pi(1.5)^2(9) $$

$$ =20.25\pi $$

Volume of two hemispheres

Equivalent to one sphere:

$$ V_2=\frac43\pi r^3 $$

$$ =\frac43\pi(1.5)^3 $$

$$ =4.5\pi $$

Total volume

$$ V=20.25\pi+4.5\pi $$

$$ =24.75\pi $$

$$ \approx77.78 $$

Answer

$$ 24.75\pi\text{ mm}^3\approx77.78\text{ mm}^3 $$

Q.6 As shown in figure a cubical block of side $7$ cm is surmounted by a hemisphere.
✓ Solution

Side of cube:

$$ a=7\text{ cm} $$

Radius of hemisphere:

$$ r=3.5\text{ cm} $$

Surface area of cube exposed

$$ 6a^2-\pi r^2 $$

$$ =6(7)^2-\frac{22}{7}(3.5)^2 $$

$$ =294-38.5 $$

$$ =255.5 $$

Curved surface area of hemisphere

$$ 2\pi r^2 $$

$$ =2\times\frac{22}{7}(3.5)^2 $$

$$ =77 $$

Total surface area

$$ 255.5+77 $$

$$ =332.5 $$

Answer

$$ 332.5\text{ cm}^2 $$

Q.7 A right circular cylinder just encloses a sphere of radius $r$ units.
✓ Solution

Calculate:

1. the surface area of the sphere 2. the curved surface area of the cylinder 3. the ratio of the areas obtained

Solution

Sphere radius:

$$ r $$

Cylinder radius:

$$ r $$

Cylinder height:

$$ 2r $$

(i) Surface area of sphere

$$ 4\pi r^2 $$

(ii) Curved surface area of cylinder

$$ 2\pi rh $$

$$ =2\pi r(2r) $$

$$ =4\pi r^2 $$

(iii) Ratio

(i)

$$ 4\pi r^2\text{ sq.units} $$

(ii)

$$ 4\pi r^2\text{ sq.units} $$

(iii)

$$ 1:1 $$


Ex 7.4Conversion of Solids from one shape to another with no change in Volume1 questions
Q.1 Question 1
✓ Solution

Mathematics : Mensuration : Conversion of Solids from one shape to another with no change in Volume : Exercise Questions with Answers


Ex 7.4--23 questions
Q.1 An aluminium sphere of radius 12 cm is melted to make a cylinder of radius 8 cm.
✓ Solution

Radius of sphere:

$$ R = 12 \text{ cm} $$

Radius of cylinder:

$$ r = 8 \text{ cm} $$

Let height of cylinder be $h$.

Since the sphere is melted completely,

$$ \text{Volume of sphere} = \text{Volume of cylinder} $$

$$ \frac{4}{3}\pi R^3 = \pi r^2 h $$

$$ \frac{4}{3}\pi (12)^3 = \pi (8)^2 h $$

Cancel $\pi$:

$$ \frac{4}{3}\times1728 = 64h $$

$$ 2304 = 64h $$

$$ h = 36 $$

Answer

$$ 36 \text{ cm} $$

Q.2 Water is flowing at the rate of 15 km per hour through a pipe of diameter 14 cm into a rectangular tank which is 50 m long and 44 m wide.
✓ Solution

Radius of pipe:

$$ r = 7 \text{ cm} $$

Speed of water:

$$ 15 \text{ km/hr} = 1500000 \text{ cm/hr} $$

Volume of water flowing per hour

$$ V = \pi r^2 h $$

$$ = \frac{22}{7}\times7^2\times1500000 $$

$$ = 231000000 \text{ cm}^3 $$

Volume required in tank

Dimensions:

$$ 50\text{ m}=5000\text{ cm} $$

$$ 44\text{ m}=4400\text{ cm} $$

Rise in water level:

$$ 21\text{ cm} $$

$$ V = lbh $$

$$ =5000\times4400\times21 $$

$$ =462000000 \text{ cm}^3 $$

Time required

$$ \text{Time}=\frac{462000000}{231000000} $$

$$ =2 $$

Answer

$$ 2 \text{ hours} $$

Q.3 A conical flask is full of water. The flask has base radius $r$ units and height $h$ units. The water is poured into a cylindrical flask of base radius $xr$ units.
✓ Solution

Volume of cone:

$$ V_1=\frac13\pi r^2 h $$

Let height of water in cylinder be $H$.

Volume of cylinder:

$$ V_2=\pi (xr)^2 H $$

Since volumes are equal,

$$ \frac13\pi r^2 h = \pi x^2 r^2 H $$

Cancel $\pi r^2$:

$$ \frac{h}{3}=x^2H $$

$$ H=\frac{h}{3x^2} $$

Answer

$$ \frac{h}{3x^2} $$

Q.4 A solid right circular cone of diameter 14 cm and height 8 cm is melted to form a hollow sphere.
✓ Solution

Cone radius:

$$ r=7\text{ cm} $$

Cone height:

$$ h=8\text{ cm} $$

Volume of cone

$$ V=\frac13\pi r^2 h $$

$$ =\frac13\pi(7)^2(8) $$

$$ =\frac{392}{3}\pi $$

External radius of sphere:

$$ R=5\text{ cm} $$

Let internal radius be $x$.

Volume of hollow sphere:

$$ \frac43\pi(R^3-x^3) $$

Equating volumes:

$$ \frac{392}{3}\pi = \frac43\pi(125-x^3) $$

Cancel $\frac{\pi}{3}$:

$$ 392 = 4(125-x^3) $$

$$ 392 = 500-4x^3 $$

$$ 4x^3=108 $$

$$ x^3=27 $$

$$ x=3 $$

Internal diameter:

$$ 2x=6 $$

Answer

$$ 6\text{ cm} $$

Q.5 Seenu’s house has an overhead tank in the shape of a cylinder. This is filled by pumping water from a sump (underground tank) which is in the shape of a cuboid.
✓ Solution

Volume of sump

$$ V_1=2\times1.5\times1 $$

$$ =3\text{ m}^3 $$

Convert to cm$^3$:

$$ 3\times1000000 $$

$$ =3000000\text{ cm}^3 $$

Volume of overhead tank

Radius:

$$ r=60\text{ cm} $$

Height:

$$ h=105\text{ cm} $$

$$ V_2=\pi r^2 h $$

$$ =\frac{22}{7}\times60^2\times105 $$

$$ =1188000\text{ cm}^3 $$

Water left

$$ 3000000-1188000 $$

$$ =1812000\text{ cm}^3 $$

Answer

$$ 1812000\text{ cm}^3 $$

Q.6 The internal and external diameter of a hollow hemispherical shell are 6 cm and 10 cm respectively.
✓ Solution

External radius:

$$ R=5\text{ cm} $$

Internal radius:

$$ r=3\text{ cm} $$

Cylinder radius:

$$ 7\text{ cm} $$

Let height be $h$.

Volume of hemispherical shell

$$ V=\frac23\pi(R^3-r^3) $$

$$ =\frac23\pi(125-27) $$

$$ =\frac23\pi(98) $$

$$ =\frac{196}{3}\pi $$

Volume of cylinder

$$ V=\pi r^2 h $$

$$ =\pi(7)^2 h $$

$$ =49\pi h $$

Equating:

$$ 49\pi h = \frac{196}{3}\pi $$

$$ 49h=\frac{196}{3} $$

$$ h=\frac43 $$

$$ h=1.33 $$

Answer

$$ 1.33\text{ cm} $$

Q.7 A solid sphere of radius 6 cm is melted into a hollow cylinder of uniform thickness.
✓ Solution

Sphere radius:

$$ R=6\text{ cm} $$

Volume of sphere:

$$ V=\frac43\pi R^3 $$

$$ =\frac43\pi(6)^3 $$

$$ =288\pi $$

External radius of cylinder:

$$ 5\text{ cm} $$

Let internal radius be $r$.

Height:

$$ 32\text{ cm} $$

Volume of hollow cylinder:

$$ \pi(5^2-r^2)(32) $$

Equating:

$$ 288\pi = 32\pi(25-r^2) $$

Cancel $\pi$:

$$ 288 = 32(25-r^2) $$

$$ 9 = 25-r^2 $$

$$ r^2=16 $$

$$ r=4 $$

Thickness:

$$ 5-4=1 $$

Answer

$$ 1\text{ cm} $$

Q.8 A hemispherical bowl is filled to the brim with juice. The juice is poured into a cylindrical vessel whose radius is 50% more than its height. If the diameter is the same for both the bowl and the cylinder, what percentage of juice can be transferred from the bowl into the cylindrical vessel?

Solution (concise):

Let common radius = r. Hemisphere volume = (2/3)πr³. Cylinder height h satisfies r = (3/2)h ⇒ h = (2/3)r. Cylinder volume = πr²h = πr²(2r/3) = (2/3)πr³. Volumes equal, so 100% can be transferred.

Answer: 100%

Q.1 The curved surface area of a right circular cone of height 15 cm and base diameter 16 cm is:

Solution (concise):

Radius r = 8 cm, slant height l = √(8² + 15²) = 17 cm. Curved surface area = π r l = π·8·17 = 136π cm².

Answer: 136π cm²

Q.2 If two solid hemispheres of the same base radius r units are joined together along their bases, then the curved surface area of this new solid is:
✓ Solution

Two hemispheres form a sphere.

Surface area of sphere:

$$ 4\pi r^2 $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{(1)\ 4\pi r^2} $$

Q.3 The height of a right circular cone whose radius is $5$ cm and slant height is $13$ cm will be
✓ Solution

$$ l^2=r^2+h^2 $$

$$ 13^2=5^2+h^2 $$

$$ 169=25+h^2 $$

$$ h^2=144 $$

$$ h=12 $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{(1)\ 12\text{ cm}} $$

Q.4 If the radius of the base of a right circular cylinder is halved keeping the same height, then the ratio of the volume of the new cylinder to the volume of the original cylinder is:
✓ Solution

Volume of cylinder:

$$ V=\pi r^2 h $$

New radius:

$$ \frac r2 $$

New volume:

$$ \pi\left(\frac r2\right)^2 h $$

$$ =\frac14\pi r^2 h $$

Ratio:

$$ 1:4 $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{(2)\ 1:4} $$

Q.5 Find the total surface area of a cylinder whose radius is one-third of its height.

Solution: Total surface area (TSA) of a cylinder = 2πr(h + r). Given r = h/3 so h = 3r.

Thus TSA = 2πr(3r + r) = 2πr·4r = 8πr².

In terms of h, r = h/3 so TSA = 8π(h²/9) = (8/9)π h².

Answer: 8π r² = (8/9)π h².

Q.6 In a hollow cylinder the sum of the external and internal radii is 14 cm and the wall thickness (difference of radii) is 4 cm. If its height is 20 cm, the volume of the material in it is:
✓ Solution

Let external radius $R$, internal radius $r$

$$ R+r=14 $$

Width:

$$ R-r=4 $$

Using identity:

$$ R^2-r^2=(R+r)(R-r) $$

$$ =14\times4 $$

$$ =56 $$

Volume:

$$ V=\pi h(R^2-r^2) $$

$$ =\pi(20)(56) $$

$$ =1120\pi $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{1120\pi\text{ cm}^3} $$

Q.7 If the radius of the base of a cone is tripled and its height is doubled, then the volume becomes:
✓ Solution

Volume:

$$ V=\frac13\pi r^2 h $$

New volume:

$$ =\frac13\pi(3r)^2(2h) $$

$$ =\frac13\pi(9r^2)(2h) $$

$$ =18V $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{(2)\ \text{made 18 times}} $$

Q.8 The total surface area of a hemisphere is how much times the square of its radius.
✓ Solution

TSA of hemisphere:

$$ 3\pi r^2 $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{(3)\ 3\pi} $$

Q.9 A solid sphere of radius x cm is melted and cast into the shape of a solid cone having the same base radius x. The height of the cone is:
✓ Solution

Volume of sphere:

$$ \frac43\pi x^3 $$

Volume of cone:

$$ \frac13\pi x^2 h $$

Equating:

$$ \frac43\pi x^3=\frac13\pi x^2 h $$

$$ 4x=h $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{(3)\ 4x\text{ cm}} $$

Q.10 A frustum of a right circular cone has height 16 cm with radii of its ends 8 cm and 20 cm. Then the volume of the frustum is:
✓ Solution

Volume of frustum:

$$ V=\frac13\pi h(R^2+r^2+Rr) $$

$$ =\frac13\pi(16)(20^2+8^2+20\times8) $$

$$ =\frac{16}{3}\pi(400+64+160) $$

$$ =\frac{16}{3}\pi(624) $$

$$ =3328\pi $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{(1)\ 3328\pi\text{ cm}^3} $$

Q.11 A shuttle cock used for playing badminton has the shape of the combination of
✓ Solution

$$ \boxed{(4)\ \text{frustum of a cone and a hemisphere}} $$

Q.12 A spherical ball of radius r1 units is melted to make 8 new identical balls each of radius r2 units. Then r1:r2 is: (1) 2:1 (2) 1:2 (3) 4:1 (4) 1:4.

Equating volumes, (4/3)pi r1^3 = 8(4/3)pi r2^3. Therefore r1^3 = 8r2^3, so r1 = 2r2.

Answer: Option (1): 2:1.

Q.13 The volume (in cm^3) of the greatest sphere that can be cut off from a cylindrical log of wood of base radius 1 cm and height 5 cm is?

The sphere that fits must have radius ≤ min(cylinder radius, half the height) = min(1, 2.5) = 1 cm.

Volume = (4/3)πr^3 = (4/3)π(1)^3 = 4/3 π cm³.

Q.14 The height and radius of the cone of which the frustum is a part are $h_1$ units and $r_1$ units respectively.
✓ Solution

By similarity:

$$ \frac{r_2}{r_1}=\frac{h_2}{h_1} $$

$$ =\frac12 $$

Answer

$$ \boxed{(2)\ 1:2} $$

Q.15 The ratio of the volumes of a cylinder, a cone and a sphere, if each has the same diameter and same height is?

Let the common radius be r and height = 2r.

Cylinder: V1 = πr²(2r) = 2πr³.
Cone: V2 = (1/3)πr²(2r) = (2/3)πr³.
Sphere: V3 = (4/3)πr³.

Ratio V1:V2:V3 = 2 : 2/3 : 4/3 = 6:2:4 = 3:1:2.


Ex 7.UEUnit Exercise1 questions
Q.1 Question 1
✓ Solution

Mathematics : Mensuration : Unit Exercise Questions with Answers


Ex 7.UEUnit Exercise10 questions
Q.1 The barrel of a fountain-pen cylindrical in shape, is 7 cm long and 5 mm in diameter. A full barrel of ink in the pen will be used for writing 330 words on an average. How many words can be written us…
✓ Solution

Length of barrel:

$$ h = 7 \text{ cm} $$

Diameter:

$$ 5 \text{ mm} = 0.5 \text{ cm} $$

Radius:

$$ r = 0.25 \text{ cm} $$

Volume of barrel:

$$ V = \pi r^2 h $$

$$ = \frac{22}{7}\times(0.25)^2\times7 $$

$$ = 1.375 \text{ cm}^3 $$

This amount writes:

$$ 330 \text{ words} $$

Bottle contains:

$$ \frac15 \text{ litre} $$

$$ = 200 \text{ cm}^3 $$

Required words:

$$ \frac{200}{1.375}\times330 $$

$$ = 48000 $$

Answer

$$ 48000 \text{ words} $$

Q.2 A hemi-spherical tank of radius 1.75 m is full of water. It is connected with a pipe which empties the tank at the rate of 7 litre per second. How much time will it take to empty the tank completely?
✓ Solution

Radius:

$$ r = 1.75 \text{ m} $$

Volume of hemisphere:

$$ V = \frac23\pi r^3 $$

$$ = \frac23\times\frac{22}{7}\times(1.75)^3 $$

$$ = 11.229 \text{ m}^3 $$

Convert into litres:

$$ 11.229\times1000 $$

$$ =11229 \text{ litres} $$

Pipe empties:

$$ 7 \text{ litres/sec} $$

Time:

$$ =\frac{11229}{7} $$

$$ =1604.14 \text{ sec} $$

Convert into minutes:

$$ \frac{1604.14}{60} \approx 27 $$

Answer

$$ 27 \text{ minutes (approx)} $$

Q.3 Find the maximum volume of a cone that can be carved out of a solid hemisphere of radius $r$ units.
✓ Solution

Maximum cone inside hemisphere has:

Radius:

$$ r $$

Height:

$$ r $$

Volume of cone:

$$ V=\frac13\pi r^2 h $$

$$ =\frac13\pi r^2(r) $$

$$ =\frac13\pi r^3 $$

Answer

$$ \frac13\pi r^3 \text{ cubic units} $$

Q.4 An oil funnel of tin sheet consists of a cylindrical portion 10 cm long attached to a frustum of a cone.
✓ Solution

Cylinder radius:

$$ r=4\text{ cm} $$

Cylinder height:

$$ 10\text{ cm} $$

Top radius of frustum:

$$ R=9\text{ cm} $$

Height of frustum:

$$ 22-10=12\text{ cm} $$

Slant height:

$$ l=\sqrt{(R-r)^2+h^2} $$

$$ =\sqrt{(9-4)^2+12^2} $$

$$ =\sqrt{25+144} $$

$$ =13 $$

CSA of cylinder

$$ 2\pi rh $$

$$ =2\times\frac{22}{7}\times4\times10 $$

$$ =251.43 $$

CSA of frustum

$$ \pi(R+r)l $$

$$ =\frac{22}{7}(9+4)(13) $$

$$ =531.14 $$

Total area:

$$ 251.43+531.14 $$

$$ =782.57 $$

Answer

$$ 782.57\text{ sq.cm} $$

Q.5 Find the number of coins, 1.5 cm in diameter and 2 mm thick, to be melted to form a right circular cylinder of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm.
✓ Solution

Coin radius:

$$ 0.75\text{ cm} $$

Thickness:

$$ 2\text{ mm}=0.2\text{ cm} $$

Volume of one coin:

$$ V=\pi r^2 h $$

$$ =\pi(0.75)^2(0.2) $$

$$ =0.1125\pi $$

Cylinder radius:

$$ 2.25\text{ cm} $$

Height:

$$ 10\text{ cm} $$

Volume of cylinder:

$$ =\pi(2.25)^2(10) $$

$$ =50.625\pi $$

Number of coins:

$$ \frac{50.625\pi}{0.1125\pi} $$

$$ =450 $$

Answer

$$ 450 \text{ coins} $$

Q.6 A hollow metallic cylinder whose external radius is 4.3 cm and internal radius is 1.1 cm and whole length is 4 cm is melted and recast into a solid cylinder of 12 cm long. Find the diameter of solid c…
✓ Solution

Volume of hollow cylinder:

$$ V=\pi h(R^2-r^2) $$

$$ =\pi(4)(4.3^2-1.1^2) $$

$$ =4\pi(18.49-1.21) $$

$$ =69.12\pi $$

Let radius of new cylinder be $x$.

Volume:

$$ \pi x^2(12) $$

Equating:

$$ 12\pi x^2=69.12\pi $$

$$ x^2=5.76 $$

$$ x=2.4 $$

Diameter:

$$ =4.8 $$

Answer

$$ 4.8\text{ cm} $$

Q.7 The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4 m and the perimeter of circular ends are 18 m and 16 m. Find the cost of painting its curved surface area at ₹100 per sq. m.
✓ Solution

Perimeters:

$$ 2\pi R=18 $$

$$ 2\pi r=16 $$

Thus,

$$ R+r=\frac{34}{2\pi} $$

CSA of frustum:

$$ \pi(R+r)l $$

$$ =\pi\times\frac{34}{2\pi}\times4 $$

$$ =68\text{ m}^2 $$

Cost:

$$ 68\times100 $$

$$ =6800 $$

Answer

$$ ₹6800 $$

Q.8 A hemi-spherical hollow bowl has material of volume $\frac{436\pi}{3}$ cubic cm. Its external diameter is 14 cm. Find its thickness.
✓ Solution

External radius:

$$ R=7\text{ cm} $$

Let internal radius be $r$.

Volume of material:

$$ \frac23\pi(R^3-r^3) $$

$$ =\frac{436\pi}{3} $$

Cancel $\frac{\pi}{3}$:

$$ 2(343-r^3)=436 $$

$$ 686-2r^3=436 $$

$$ 2r^3=250 $$

$$ r^3=125 $$

$$ r=5 $$

Thickness:

$$ 7-5=2 $$

Answer

$$ 2\text{ cm} $$

Q.9 The volume of a cone is $1005\frac57$ cu.cm. The area of its base is $201\frac17$ sq.cm. Find the slant height of the cone.
✓ Solution

Volume:

$$ 1005\frac57=\frac{7040}{7} $$

Base area:

$$ 201\frac17=\frac{1408}{7} $$

Using:

$$ V=\frac13(\text{base area})\times h $$

$$ \frac{7040}{7}=\frac13\times\frac{1408}{7}\times h $$

$$ 7040=\frac{1408h}{3} $$

$$ h=15 $$

Base area:

$$ \pi r^2=\frac{1408}{7} $$

Using $\pi=\frac{22}{7}$:

$$ \frac{22}{7}r^2=\frac{1408}{7} $$

$$ 22r^2=1408 $$

$$ r^2=64 $$

$$ r=8 $$

Slant height:

$$ l=\sqrt{r^2+h^2} $$

$$ =\sqrt{64+225} $$

$$ =\sqrt{289} $$

$$ =17 $$

Answer

$$ 17\text{ cm} $$

Q.10 A metallic sheet in the form of a sector of a circle of radius 21 cm has central angle of $216^\circ$. The sector is made into a cone by bringing the bounding radii together. Find the volume of the …
✓ Solution

Radius of sector becomes slant height of cone:

$$ l=21\text{ cm} $$

Arc length:

$$ =\frac{216}{360}\times2\pi(21) $$

$$ =\frac35\times42\pi $$

$$ =79.2 $$

This becomes circumference of cone:

$$ 2\pi r=79.2 $$

$$ r=12.6 $$

Height:

$$ h=\sqrt{l^2-r^2} $$

$$ =\sqrt{21^2-12.6^2} $$

$$ =\sqrt{441-158.76} $$

$$ =\sqrt{282.24} $$

$$ =16.8 $$

Volume:

$$ V=\frac13\pi r^2 h $$

$$ =\frac13\times\frac{22}{7}\times(12.6)^2\times16.8 $$

$$ \approx2794.18 $$

Answer

$$ 2794.18\text{ cm}^3 $$

Answer Key

| Q.No | Answer | |---|---| | 1 | 48000 words | | 2 | 27 minutes (approx) | | 3 | $\frac13\pi r^3$ cu.units | | 4 | 782.57 sq.cm | | 5 | 450 coins | | 6 | 4.8 cm | | 7 | ₹6800 | | 8 | 2 cm | | 9 | 17 cm | | 10 | 2794.18 cm³ |


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