- a. T.M. Nair
- b. P. Rangaiah
- c. P. Subbarayan
- d. Periyar EVR
T. M. Nair (T. Muthuswamy Iyer/Nair — as recorded in the Samacheer Kalvi text) is identified as the first President of the Madras Mahajana Sabha in the textbook exercise context. Refer to the printed Samacheer Kalvi page (p.119) or standard references on Madras Presidency organisations for confirmation in classroom use.
a
- a. Marina
- b. Mylapore
- c. Fort St. George
- d. Thousand Lights
The third session of the Indian National Congress (held in 1887) took place at Madras; the reference in the textbook indicates Fort St. George as the location for the session.
c
- a. Annie Besant
- b. M. Veeraraghavachari
- c. Erode
- d. Madurai
The textbook passage on the Home Rule Movement (Annie Besant) states: "She remarked, 'Better bullock carts and freedom than a train deluxe with subjection'." This attributes the quote to Annie Besant.
a. Annie Besant
- a. S. Satyamurti
- b. Kasturirangar
- c. B.P. Wadia
- d. G.S. Arundale
S. Satyamurti was a prominent leader who joined the Swaraj Party (Swarajist). The other persons listed were not Swarajists.
a
- a. K. Kamaraj
- b. C. Rajaji
- c. K. Santhanam
- d. T. Prakasam
C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) led civil-disobedience-related satyagraha activities near Madras and is credited with establishing the Udyavanam satyagraha camp.
b
- a. Erode
- b. Madras
- c. Salem
- d. Madurai
The raw textbook excerpt (page 118) states: "E.V.R. led a massive campaign against it. He organised an anti-Hindi Conference at Salem." Therefore the conference was held at Salem.
c. Salem
- a. (i) and (ii) are correct
- b. (iii) is correct
- c. (iv) is correct
- d. All are correct
(i) Madras Native Association was founded in 1852 — correct. (ii) Swadesamitran (Tamil nationalist periodical) started in the late 19th century — the textbook gives 1891 as its start date here. Thus (i) and (ii) are correct together.
a
- a. (i) and (ii) are correct
- b. (i) and (iii) are correct
- c. (ii) is correct
- d. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
The statements as printed on the textbook page (raw page 120) present (i) and (ii) as correct observations. (iii) and (iv) are not supported by the page's context. Therefore the correct option is (a) (i) and (ii) are correct.
a
The raw page text (p.112 of the PDF) states: "The appointment of T. Muthuswami as the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court in 1877 created a furore..." Therefore the blank should be filled with T. Muthuswami.
T. Muthuswami
The chapter states that in 1904 Nilakanta Brahmachari and others started Bharata Matha Society, a secret society.
Bharata Matha Society
Under the provincial elections of 1937 (Government of India Act, 1935), the Indian National Congress formed ministries in several provinces. In Madras Presidency the first Congress ministry was formed and led by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (Rajaji).
C. Rajagopalachari formed the first Congress Ministry in Madras (1937).
Reconstructed from the chapter text: (1) The Madras Native Association (MNA) is described as having agitated against torture by revenue officials and led to the Torture Commission (pp.112–113) — so MNA → Torture Commission. (2) E.V. Ramaswamy (Periyar) is repeatedly linked with the Anti‑Hindi agitation (pp.117–118) — so EVR → Anti‑Hindi agitation. (3) Vedaranyam is the site of the Salt Satyagraha led from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam (pp.116–117) — so Vedaranyam → Salt Satyagraha. That leaves S.N. Somayajulu and Thalamuthu to pair with the remaining items; the OCR on p.120 shows Thalamuthu paired with Vaikom Hero, and by elimination S.N. Somayajulu pairs with Removal of Neill Statue. (Matches chosen to be consistent with the chapter context and the raw page text.)
1. MNA → Torture Commission
2. EVR Periyar → Anti-Hindi agitation
3. S. N. Somayajulu → Removal of Neill Statue
4. Vedaranyam → Salt Satyagraha
5. Thalamuthu → Vaikom Hero
Concise list focused on methods (constitutional agitation), institution-building (associations, INC), social reform, educational uplift and seeking administrative reforms through petitions and dialogue.
Contributions of the Moderates:
- Introduced constitutional methods (petitions, meetings, deputations) to press demands.
- Founded associations (e.g., Madras Native Association, Madras Mahajana Sabha) and helped form the Indian National Congress.
- Raised political awareness, promoted education and social reform.
- Pressed for administrative reforms and increased Indian participation in governance.
- Laid the foundation for later mass movements by creating political opinion and institutions.
V.O.C. and Subramania Siva organised workers and Swadeshi meetings in Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli. After they were arrested and sentenced, public anger turned into the Tirunelveli Uprising. The incident showed the intensity of the Swadeshi movement in Tamil Nadu.
The Tirunelveli Uprising followed the arrest of V.O. Chidambaranar and Subramania Siva in 1908. Their arrest for celebrating Bipin Chandra Pal’s release and leading Swadeshi activity sparked riots in Tirunelveli, where the police station, court building and municipal office were burnt. Four people died in police firing.
Concise contributions:
- Founded and led the Home Rule League (1916) which mobilised public opinion for self-government.
- Promoted political education and used journalism and public meetings to spread nationalist ideas.
- Helped unite moderate and newer nationalist elements and supported Indian leaders’ training for self-rule.
(These are the core, verifiable contributions; specific institutional claims should be checked against the chapter if required.)
Annie Besant popularised Home Rule (Home Rule League, 1916), raised political awareness across India, campaigned for self-government, used the press and public meetings, and encouraged Indian leadership and education.
The textbook (see raw page text p.116) states: "Rajaji worked closely with Yakub Hasan, founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League." Hence the missing name is Yakub Hasan.
Yakub Hasan
The textbook passage (page 117 of the supplied raw text) states: "Bhashyam, popularly known as Arya, hoisted the national flag atop Fort St. George on 26 January 1932."
Bhashyam (popularly known as Arya).
Give a brief account covering boycott actions, promotion of local industry, establishment of national institutions, involvement of various social groups and the movement’s lasting impact on political mobilization.
Response to the Swadeshi Movement in Tamil Nadu (concise):
- Local boycott of British goods and promotion of indigenous products; encouragement of handloom and village industries.
- Formation of swadeshi associations, national schools and training centres.
- Public meetings, processions and demonstrations supporting boycott and indigenous manufacture.
- Participation of students, lawyers and middle-class leaders in awareness campaigns.
- Growth of local leadership and political consciousness that fed into later national movements.
Brief points:
- Causes: social and economic grievances — Brahmin dominance in government jobs, professions and education; caste discrimination; new Western education that exposed inequalities.
- Early leaders & organisations: E. V. Ramasamy (later Periyar) influenced social reform; Justice Party (South Indian Liberal Federation) formed in 1916 by non-Brahmin leaders like P. Theagaraya Chetty and T. M. Nair to represent non-Brahmin interests in Madras Presidency.
- Methods and demands: demanded reservations in jobs and education, opposed Brahmin monopoly, promoted social reforms (self-respect marriages, temple entry), used newspapers and political agitation.
- Growth: electoral politics after 1920s — Justice Party formed governments in Madras (1917–22, 1926–37); Self-Respect Movement (from 1925) radicalised social reform and anti-caste ideology.
- Legacy: laid foundations for Dravidian parties, social justice policies and affirmative action in Tamil Nadu.
Conclusion: The movement evolved from social protest to sustained political organisation, bringing major social and political changes in Tamil Nadu.
Originated in late 19th — early 20th century as a protest by non-Brahmin communities against Brahmin dominance in administration, professions and education. It grew through organisations and political action (Justice Party, Self-Respect Movement), agitation for social reforms, and demand for representation and reservations. By the 1920s–30s it transformed into a major political and social force shaping Dravidian politics.
Main points:
- Salt Satyagraha: Vedaranyam March (led by C. Rajagopalachari) mirrored Gandhi’s Dandi March — a focal event in the Presidency.
- Local mobilization: boycott of foreign goods, resignation from government posts, picketing of shops, protests in towns and villages.
- Repression and sacrifice: arrests of leaders and volunteers, martyrdom in some instances which increased local sympathy.
- Impact: strengthened Congress presence, politicised rural and urban masses in the Madras Presidency, and contributed to national momentum of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Tamil Nadu actively participated, notably through the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha (1930) led by C. Rajagopalachari, widespread boycotts, picketing, hartals, arrests of local leaders and volunteers, and mobilization of peasants, students and workers.
Provide one or two-sentence descriptions linking each place to a specific event or role in the freedom struggle.
Sample short sentences about important places:
- Marina (Madras): Site of large public meetings and political mobilization during the freedom struggle.
- Vedaranyam: Scene of the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha led by C. Rajagopalachari in 1930.
- Tirunelveli: Centre of regional uprisings and peasant mobilization against colonial policies.
- Madurai and Salem: Towns with active political associations and protests during various movements.
Guidance for each group (key points to present):
- Moderates: constitutional methods, petitions, legislative reforms, cooperation with British on gradual self-rule.
- Extremists: immediate self-rule, boycott, swadeshi, stronger public agitation.
- Revolutionaries: armed struggle/ direct action (moral justification, sacrifice) and critique of constitutionalism.
- Annie Besant's supporters: Home Rule League, increased political awareness, constitutional pressure and education.
- Justice Party: non-Brahmin rights, reservations, oppose Congress domination, focus on social justice.
- British Government: defend law and order, gradual reforms, sceptical of rapid devolution of power.
Assessment: after debate, summarise points of agreement and disagreement and relate to historical outcomes.
Organise 6 groups (Moderates, Extremists, Revolutionaries, Annie Besant's supporters, Justice Party, British Government). Give each group 10–15 minutes to prepare key positions and 5 minutes to present. Moderator enforces rules and a short Q&A follows each presentation.
The raw page text (p.112) states: “The appointment of T. Muthuswami as the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court in 1877…”. Therefore the blank should be filled with T. Muthuswami.
T. Muthuswami
The chapter states that in 1904 Nilakanta Brahmachari and others started Bharata Matha Society, a secret society.
Bharata Matha Society
Same as earlier: After the 1937 provincial elections under the Government of India Act 1935, the Congress formed ministries; Rajaji became Premier of Madras Presidency and led the first Congress ministry there.
C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) formed the first Congress Ministry in Madras in 1937.
The textbook page (raw page 120) lists the matchings explicitly: 1. MNA — Anti-Hindi agitation; 2. EVR Periyar — Removal of Neill Statue; 3. S.N. Somayajulu — Salt Satyagraha; 4. Vedaranyam — Torture Commission; 5. Thalamuthu — Vaikom Hero.
1 — Anti-Hindi agitation; 2 — Removal of Neill Statue; 3 — Salt Satyagraha; 4 — Torture Commission; 5 — Vaikom Hero
- a. (i) and (ii) are correct
- b. (iii) is correct
- c. (iv) is correct
- d. All are correct
(i) Madras Native Association (1852) is correct. (ii) Swadesamitran is cited by the textbook as starting in 1891; together (i) and (ii) are the correct pair according to the Samacheer Kalvi framing.
a
- a. (i) and (ii) are correct
- b. (i) and (iii) are correct
- c. (ii) is correct
- d. (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
From the chapter exercise (page 120) the statements given are to be judged against the chapter narrative. The chapter note presents (i) E.V.R. as not participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement and (ii) that Rajaji had close working relations with Yakub Hasan of the Muslim League. Statements (iii) and (iv) are contradicted by the chapter's discussion of mass participation and picketing activities. Hence the intended correct choice is (a) (i) and (ii) are correct.
a
Provide a concise bullet list emphasizing methods, institution-building, social reform and political groundwork.
Contributions of the Moderates:
- Used constitutional and peaceful methods (petitions, meetings, deputations).
- Founded associations and helped establish the Indian National Congress.
- Worked for social reforms and public education.
- Pressed for administrative reforms and Indian representation in government.
- Created political awareness and a base for later mass movements.
V.O.C. and Subramania Siva organised workers and Swadeshi meetings in Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli. After they were arrested and sentenced, public anger turned into the Tirunelveli Uprising. The incident showed the intensity of the Swadeshi movement in Tamil Nadu.
The Tirunelveli Uprising followed the arrest of V.O. Chidambaranar and Subramania Siva in 1908. Their arrest for celebrating Bipin Chandra Pal’s release and leading Swadeshi activity sparked riots in Tirunelveli, where the police station, court building and municipal office were burnt. Four people died in police firing.
Key contributions: founding the Home Rule League, popularising self-rule, fostering political organisation and public awareness, and supporting Indian leadership — all of which strengthened the national movement.
Annie Besant organised and led the Home Rule movement (from 1916), publicised the demand for self-rule, encouraged political education, and mobilised public support through speeches and the press.
The chapter text (page 116) records: "Rajaji worked closely with Yakub Hasan, founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League."
Yakub Hasan
As given in the chapter text (page 117), Bhashyam, popularly called Arya, hoisted the national flag atop Fort St. George on 26 January 1932 during the Civil Disobedience-related activities in Madras.
Bhashyam (popularly known as Arya).
Discuss the forms of response (economic boycott, institution building), participants (students, middle class, artisans), and the lasting political impact.
Key responses in Tamil Nadu:
- Boycott of British goods and promotion of indigenous goods (handloom and village industries).
- Establishment of national schools, boycott of government-run institutions where appropriate.
- Public mobilization through meetings, processions and formation of swadeshi associations.
- Active participation by students, lawyers, teachers and artisans, leading to strengthened local leadership.
- Long-term effect: growth of economic nationalism and political mobilization that supported future movements.
Key points (concise):
- Background: social inequality and Brahmin dominance in jobs/education; influence of Western education.
- Organisational phase: Justice Party (1916) — political representation; Self-Respect Movement (Periyar, 1925) — social reform and rationalist ideology.
- Activities: legislative action, agitations, newspapers, temple entry reforms, promotion of non-Brahmin candidates, demand for reservations.
- Political success: Justice Party governments in Madras Presidency; long-term outcome — foundations for Dravidian parties and affirmative action policies.
- Significance: transformed social structure and democratized public life in Tamil Nadu.
Originated as a reaction to Brahmin dominance in administration and professions; organised through Justice Party (1916) and Self-Respect Movement (from 1925). Grew by political representation, social reform campaigns, demand for reservations and anti-caste ideology, eventually evolving into the Dravidian political movement.
See previous detailed entry: emphasise Vedaranyam march (1930), local agitations, repressive response by authorities, and the long-term effect of politicising broad sections of Tamil society.
Tamil Nadu's role included the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha led by C. Rajagopalachari, widespread protests (boycotts, picketing, hartals), arrests of activists, and mobilisation of peasants, students and workers, contributing significantly to the national movement.