Samacheer Class 7 Social Science - Sources of Medieval India

Neminatha2. Buddhacarita was written by……………….
Asvaghosa
3. Chinese traveller Huein Tsang visited Pallava country in ……………….century.
7th
4. ……………….describes Buddhism as a religion in decay.
Mattavilasa prahasana
5. The Mauryan emperor Asoka and his grandson Dasaratha patronised……………….
Ajivikas

disciples
2. In 1st century B.C., a major split occurred in Jainism namely …………………… and ……………………
Digambaras, Svetambaras
3. Agama Sutras have been written in the …………………… Prakrit language.
Ardha-magadhi4. The …………………… of Kalpa Sutra is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain.
Jainacharitha
5. Another scholarly work in Tamil, ……………………, is also attributed to a Jain monk.
Naladiyar
6. Tamils broadly come under ……………………sect.
Digambara
7. ……………………flourished during the Pallava reign.
Jainism
8. ……………………on the banks of the river Palar.
Trilokyanatha Janaswamy temple
9. ……………………in a cave complex located near Arani town in Tiruvannamalai district.
Tirumala cave Jain temple
10. Buddha’s teachings for a long time were transmitted through the memory of …………………… and disciples.
teachers11. ……………………was various stories of the lives of the Buddha found in Buddhist literature.
Jatakas
12. Buddhagosha’s …………………… is a later Work in Buddhist literature.
Visuddhimagga
13. ……………………, the Chinese traveller, visited south India in the 7th century.
Hieun Tsang
14. …………………… was a Buddist monk who skilled in tantric rituals.
Vajrabodhi
15. …………………… gained a reputation as great educational centres of Buddist.
Nalanda, Taxila, and Vikramshila

A
B
1. Kalpa sutra
d) Bhadrabahu
2. Jivaka Chintamani
a) Tiruthakkathevar
3. Neminatha
e) 22ndTirthankara
4. Milinda Panha
c) Nagasena
5. Kizha Kuyil Kudi
b) Madurai

A
B
1. Agama Sutras
d) books of the Jain
2. Jain Temple
e) Tiruparuttikunram2.
3. Yakshas and yakshis
a) Both Male and Female Attendants
4. Buddhagosha
b) Visuddhimagga
5. Ajivika Philosophy
c) karma, transmigration of the soul

True
2. Throughout history, Ajivikas had to face persecution everywhere.
True3. Education was imparted in institutions of Jains irrespective of caste and creed.
True
4. Nalanda, Taxila and Vikramashila gained reputation as pilgrim centres.
False
5. Buddhism faced challenges from Saiva and Vaishnava sects from the Chola period onwards.
False

True2. There was eight popular pledges in Buddhism.
False
3. There is a movement of the Jains from Karnataka to the Kongu region and the Kaveri Delta.
True
4. According to 2011, the census of Buddist is 63,359.
False
5. In Tamilnadu, Buddhism was spread from Srilanka.
True

Life includes pain, getting the old, disease, and ultimately death.
Suffering is caused by craving and aversion.
Suffering can be overcome and happiness attained.
True happiness and contentment are possible if one pursues the eight-fold path.

Vinaya Pitaka contains the rules of the order of Buddhist monks, which must be observed for achieving purity of conduct.
Sutta Pitaka lays down the principles of religion by citing discourses as evidence.
Abhidhamma Pitaka is the latest in the Tripitaka. It deals with ethics, philosophy, and metaphysics.

Sittanavasal cave in Pudukkottai district is located on a prominent rock that stands 70 m above the ground.
It has a natural cavern, known as Eladipattam, at one end, and a rock-cut cave temple at the other.
Behind the fenced cavern,there are 17 rock beds marked on the floor.
The largest of these ascetic beds contains a Tamil-Brahmi inscription that dates to the 2nd century B.C.

A legend in verse, containing a narration of the life and activities of the 24 Buddhas who are believed to have preceded Gautama.
Most of the literature was written only in the Pali language.

A Vihara in Sanskrit means ‘dwelling’ or ‘house’.
Originally, viharas were dwelling places used by wandering monks during the rainy season.
Later they transformed into centres of learning through the donations of wealthy lay Buddhists.

Sources and Literature: Jainism:
Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the Jain religion.
They have been written in the Ardha-magadhi Prakrit language.
Stories of Kalpasutra of Bhadrabah, Panchatantra.
The Jainacharitha of Kalpa Sutra, Jivaka Chintamani, a Tamil epic poem.
These are written by Jain Monk.
Temples and Cave temples of Jainism:
Sittanavasal cave in Pudukkottai district-Rock Beds,The stone berths, ascetic beds.
Jain temples in Kanchipuram are Trilokyanatha.
Jinaswamy Temple at Tiruparutti kunram
The Chandra Prabha temple dedicated to the Tirthankara named Chandraprabha.
Kazhugumalai Jain Rock-Cut Temple. Areas are Vellore, Tirumala, Arai, Madurai.
Buddhist Literature:
Tripitaka was written in the Pali language.
Literary works in Buddhism include:
Jatakas
Buddhavamsa
Milindapanha-which means questions of Milinda’.
The two’ famous Ceylonese chronicles are
Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa.
Buddhagosha’s Visuddhimagga is work.
Buddhacharita, written by Asvaghosa.

Relics of Jainism:
Sittanavasl cave in Pudukkottai district. It consists of Rock Beds, stone berths, ascetic beds.
The largest of these ascetic beds contains a Tamil-Brahmi inscription.
Arivar Koil was built during the period of pandas.
Jain Temples in Kanchipuram, Thirupattikunram.
Kazhugumalai temple rock-cut temple.
The beds are found at the Bhairavamalai in Latheri, Katpadi taluk, Vellore district.
Tirumala is a Jain temple in a cave complex located near Aranitown.
There are 26 caves, 200 stone beds, 60 inscriptions, and over 100 sculptures in and around Madurai.
Relics of Buddhism:
The discovery of 13th century Buddhist bronzes in Nagapattinam.
The sculptures of Buddha inThiyaganur village in Salem district.
The evidence in support of this is some monuments of the Pandya country, which are assigned to the 3rd century B.C. (BCE).
Excavations of Buddhist Vihara and a temple at Kaveripoompattinam.
Buddha statue in padmasana’ pose in remote Tirunattiyattankudi village in Tiruvarur district.

The Ajivikas believed in the doctrine of karma, transmigration of the soul, and determinism.
The head of the Ajivika sect was Gosala Makhaliputta.
The Ajivikas practiced asceticism of a severe type.
The Ajivika religious order and school of philosophy are known from the Vedic hymns, the Brahmanas, the Aryankas, and other ancient Sanskrit compilations and treatises of the pre-Jaina and pre-Buddhi stage.
Presence in TamilNadu:
Ajivikas continued to have influence along the Palar river in the modem states of Karnataka and TamilNadu (Vellore, Kanchipuram, and Tiruvallur districts) till about the 14th century.
In the end, they seemed to have been absorbed into Vaishnavism.

Heterodox religious and Vedic religion commonalities.
Heterodox religious like. Buddhism and Jainism co-existence peacefully with various sects of Hinduism.
All the religious doctrine and codified into texts to be followed by their devotees and practitioners.
All the religions shared their key concepts.
Heterodox Religious
Vedic Religion
No virtues and Practice
Rituals and practice had become elaborate and extensive
Ahimsa was preached
Animal Sacrifice existed.

Though Buddhism faced challenges from Saiva and Vaishnava sects from the Pallava period onwards.
Since the time of the Bhakthi Movement, Buddhism came to be challenged by its exponents.
In the case of Jainism lack of patronage lack of efforts to spread the religion, Jain adopted many Hindu faiths.
Jain’s stater of differentiating people in the name of caste and classes.
7th Social Science Guide Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu Additional Important Questions and Answers