Living cells need water for metabolic reactions, as a solvent and transport medium, and for temperature and volume regulation. Without water these life processes stop, so organisms cannot survive.
No. Water is essential for all known life — it is the medium for biochemical reactions, helps transport nutrients and wastes, regulates temperature, and maintains cell structure.
Typical household sources include treated municipal tap water, groundwater from wells or borewells, and delivered water (tankers).
Model answer: From the municipal (tap) supply; alternatively from a household borewell/well or water tanker depending on locality.
Municipal supplies undergo treatment (sedimentation, filtration, chlorination). In places without treated supply, common household treatments are boiling, filters, and RO units.
Model answer: Yes — municipal water is usually treated; where not, households often treat water by boiling, filtration, or RO.
Common purification methods: boiling kills microbes; filters remove particulates and some pathogens; chlorination disinfects; SODIS uses sunlight; RO removes dissolved salts and contaminants.
By boiling, filtration (ceramic/carbon/UF), chlorination, solar disinfection (SODIS), or reverse osmosis (RO).
The phrase 'elixir of life' traditionally refers to a mythical substance believed to confer immortality or perpetual youth.
An imaginary potion that grants immortality or eternal youth.
The writer identifies water as the true elixir because it sustains life, supports growth and all vital processes.
Water.
Water changes arid land into fertile fields and sustains plants and animals; this dramatic improvement in the appearance and productivity of the land is the 'wonderful difference.'
The transformation of a dry or barren landscape into a lively, green, productive one when water is present.
A landscape containing visible water and resulting greenery uplifts the viewer; such scenes are described as a 'cheering sight' because they promise life and abundance.
Seeing water (filled tanks/ponds/streams) or green fields in an otherwise dry area — a sign of life and prosperity.
The writer likens water to something that adds beauty and sparkle to the countryside — commonly expressed as comparing water to a jewel or ornament in the scene.
A jewel that beautifies the landscape.
Rainwater running off the land carries fine soil particles and decaying plant matter into tanks, giving the water a brownish or muddy colour.
From suspended soil (clay, silt) and organic matter washed into the tanks during rain.
Flowing water dislodges and carries away the top fertile soil; intense rainfall and uncontrolled runoff are the principal agents of soil erosion.
Running water (rainwater runoff).
Removal of vegetation (trees, grasses) and poor land use leave soil exposed to wind and water; overgrazing and reckless cultivation increase erosion; human development also disturbs soil stability.
Deforestation, overgrazing, improper agricultural practices, wind, and human activities like construction.
Preventing erosion keeps the soil needed for crops and reduces sedimentation of water bodies; it also retains water in the landscape, increasing moisture retention and groundwater recharge.
It preserves fertile topsoil and helps conserve water (by reducing runoff and improving groundwater recharge).
Vegetation holds soil together; agricultural methods like contouring and terracing slow runoff; small structures (check dams, bunds) trap sediment; sustainable grazing and land use reduce exposure.
By planting trees and cover crops, contour ploughing, terracing, building check dams and bunds, mulching, and avoiding overgrazing.
Surface water comes from rainfall collected in rivers, lakes and artificial tanks; groundwater is stored beneath the surface in soil and rock and accessed by wells and springs.
Surface water (rivers, lakes, tanks, reservoirs) and groundwater (wells, springs, aquifers).
Rain that falls either percolates into the soil to replenish underground water and wells, is carried by streams into rivers and lakes, is stored in reservoirs for use, or flows away to the sea. Part of it also evaporates and continues the water cycle.
Rainwater soaks into the ground to recharge wells and groundwater, collects in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, or runs off to the sea; some evaporates and returns to the atmosphere.
Water played a role of vast significance in shaping the course of the earth’s history and continues to play the leading role in the drama of life on the surface of our planet.
Water carries silt or finely divided soil in suspension. The land which is formed by silt is proved to be fertile.
The flow of water under certain conditions causes soil erosion. Sudden bursts of excessively heavy rain resulting in large run of surplus water are the principal factors in causing soil erosion.
The terracing of the land, the construction of bunds to check the flow of water, the practice of contour cultivation and planting of appropriate types of vegetation are the measures used to prevent the flow water and the soil erosion.
The systematic planting of suitable trees can prevent rainwater from going to waste.
Raman tries to bring about the importance of water, which has a unique power of maintaining animal and plant life. Water, the elixir of life, is the commonest of all liquids. Without water, the land will be barren like the deserts in Egypt. On one side it is a sea of sand. On the other side laid one of the greatest, most fertile, densely populated areas the valley of Nile.
It is separated by the river Nile flowing down thousands of miles away. The entire soil is the creation of river Nile. Egypt, in fact was made by its river. Water is the basis of all life. Every animal and plant contains water in its body. Water is essential for the body, moisture in the soil is equally important for the life and growth of plants and trees. The conservation and utilization of water is fundamental for human welfare.
(OR)
According to Sir C.V. Raman, water is the elixir of life. In ancient times civilization developed near the rivers. Water is played an important role in life. Water adds the beauty of the countryside. Water carries slit and makes the land fertile.
Water is the basis of all life. It is necessary for animal life and growth of plants and trees. Water is the commonest of liquids. But it is an uncommon of liquids with amazing properties. They are responsible for maintaining human, animal and plant life. Thus without water life is impossible.
“Make hay while the sun shines”
Title: Water – The Elixir of Life
Author: Sir CV.Raman
Theme: Water exists in all plant and animal forms.
“World without water is unimaginable”
According to Sir C.V. Raman, water is the basis of life. Every animal or plant contains a substantial proportion of free or combined water in its body. No kind of physiological activity is possible in which the fluid does not play an essential part. Water is necessary for animal life.
Moisture in the soil is equally imperative for the life and growth of plants and trees. But the quantity necessary varies largely with the species. Much of our agriculture also depends on seasonal rainfall and is therefore very sensitive to any failure or irregularity of the same. Thus water is the elixir of all life.
“No life is without water
To save water is a serious matter”.
(OR)
According to Sir C.V. Raman, water is the basis of life. Every animal or plant contains a large proportion of water in its body. All physiological activities are possible only when the fluid play its essential part. Water is necessary for animal life, It is equally essential for plants and trees to grow. Only the quantity necessary varies with species. Thus existence of every animal or plant is possible only with water. Therefore, it is clear for water is the elixir of all life.
“No rain, no gain
No rain, more pain”
Water is the basis of all life. Every animal and plant contains water in its body. Water is essential for the body, moisture in the soil is equally important for the life and growth of plants and trees. The conservation and utilization of water is fundamental for human welfare. Much of Indian agriculture depends on monsoon.
It is clear that the adoption of techniques preventing soil erosion would help to conserve and keep the water where it is wanted. Without water, nothing is possible on earth. The collection of rainwater and utilizing them is very important. Vast areas of land which at present are scrub jungle could be turned into fertile and prosperous country by courageous and well-planned action.
(OR)
“There is no life without water”
Water is the elixir of life. Water is the basis of life. This common substance plays a vital role in the life of human, animal and plant. It is the most potent and most powerful thing on the earth. It has sharpened the history and continues the key role in the drama of life.
Every animal or plant contains a large proportions of water in its body. Physiological activity is which the fluid plays no essential part. Water is necessary for animal life. It also is a must for the growth of plant and tree. The quantity varies enormously with the species. Water is essentia] in human life. Thus it is clear that water exists in all life.
“Where there is water, there is life”
1 - d; 2 - i; 3 - f; 4 - b; 5 - j; 6 - h; 7 - a; 8 - c; 9 - g; 10 - e
Causes: 1) Overuse and wastage in agriculture, industry and households. 2) Pollution of freshwater sources by industrial, agricultural and domestic waste. 3) Deforestation and climate change reducing rainfall and increasing runoff. Problems: 1) Crop failure and food insecurity. 2) Health issues from lack of clean water and sanitation. 3) Ecological damage and loss of biodiversity. Solutions: 1) Rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge. 2) Efficient irrigation (drip), water-saving technologies and recycling wastewater. 3) Afforestation, pollution control and public awareness on conservation.
- (a). Ecological Cooperation.
- (b). Environmental Coordinating Organization.
- (c). Environmental Children's Organization.
- (d). Ecological Children's Organization.
(c) Environmental Children's Organization.
- (a). fight to win an election.
- (b). fight to gain a few points in share market.
- (c). fight against corruption.
- (d). fight against environmental pollution.
(d) Fight against environmental pollution.
- (a). they have no place to go.
- (b). they die of diseases.
- (c). their food and habitat are polluted.
- (d). all the above.
(c) Their food and habitat are polluted.
- (a). she considers them all belonging to one world.
- (b). they have nobody except her to speak for.
- (c). they belong to her.
- (d). they are all children.
(a) She considers them all as belonging to one world.
- (a). contributing large amounts of waste and not sharing the excess with the needy.
- (b). being afraid of the poor.
- (c). being angry with the poor belonging to other countries.
- (d). being wealthy.
(a) Contributing waste and not sharing what is in excess with people in need.
Severn Suzuki, speaking as a twelve‑year‑old, requests that adults change their behaviour: stop polluting, reduce consumption, protect natural resources and act now so future generations will have a livable planet.
She asks the elders to stop destroying the environment and to take immediate, responsible action so children can have a safe and healthy future.
Her dream is a hopeful future in which the environment is preserved and children can grow up in safety and health — not in a damaged, polluted world.
That future generations will inherit a healthy, clean world with clean air, water and a secure environment.
She expresses fear and agony about pollution, resource depletion and the prospect that her generation will inherit a ruined planet — and that little will be left to protect children’s future.
That adults' neglect and environmental destruction will leave children a damaged world and cause suffering for future generations.
In the speech she identifies herself as a young person and repeatedly says she speaks for the future generations who will live with the results of current decisions, thereby proclaiming representation.
She explicitly states she is a child and speaks for the future, saying she and her generation will inherit the consequences of today's actions.
Besides comforting children, parents must stop depleting and polluting natural resources, take concrete action to protect the environment, and model responsible behaviour so their children have a secure future.
(a) to comfort their children saying that everything will be all right. (b) to act responsibly by protecting the environment and changing harmful habits. (c) to teach and set an example for children so they inherit a safe, healthy world.
- a. Canada is a rich country and people have in plenty.
- b. Canadian children are privileged.
- c. A Brazilian child was willing to share because she was rich.
- d. Northern countries will not share with the needy
(c) The poor child in Brazil, because despite not being rich, that child would still be willing to share.
A concise, persuasive speech that defines the link between environmental health and human future, lists practical steps (tree planting, water conservation, waste reduction), and ends with a call to action aimed at students and staff.
Short speech (approx. 1 minute):
Respected Principal, teachers and dear friends,
Today, on World Environment Day, I remind you that our future depends directly on the health of our environment. If we protect forests, conserve water, reduce waste and curb pollution today, we secure clean air, safe water and a stable climate for tomorrow. Small actions — planting trees, saving water, avoiding plastics and recycling — add up. Let us pledge to act, to influence our families and to make our school a model of sustainability. The nature of our future truly depends on the future of our nature. Thank you.
Provided a clear manual outline covering objectives, fund mechanism, application/evaluation, monitoring and assessment, plus a concise formal letter requesting establishment of the fund.
Project manual summary and sample letter:
Project manual (outline):
1. Title: 'School Green Revolving Fund & Eco-Contest'
2. Objective: Fund small sustainability projects (rainwater harvesting, LED retrofits, tree planting) and promote eco-competitions.
3. Fund mechanism: Seed fund provided by school; savings from energy/water projects returned to fund to finance new projects.
4. Eligibility & application: Student/teacher teams submit brief proposals (objective, budget, timeline, expected savings/impact).
5. Evaluation: Criteria — cost‑benefit, environmental impact, student involvement. Selection committee reviews quarterly.
6. Implementation & monitoring: Projects must report monthly; savings tracked; annual audit and impact report.
7. Assessment: Termly campus environmental audit (energy, water, waste) and leaderboard for eco‑contest winners.
8. Timeline & roles: Club president, staff advisor, accounts officer, student teams.
Sample letter to Head Master:
Respected Sir/Madam,
Subject: Request to institute a 'Green Revolving Fund' for campus sustainability projects
We, the GO GREEN club, request a seed amount of Rs. [amount] to create a Green Revolving Fund to finance student-led eco-projects. The fund will be replenished from verified savings and used to support further initiatives. Attached is a brief project manual outlining objectives, application process and monitoring. We request approval to pilot the fund for one academic year and to conduct regular campus assessments and an annual eco-contest. Your support will encourage student leadership and measurable environmental benefits. Kindly consider and approve.
Yours faithfully,
[Name], President, GO GREEN Club
[Date]
Attachment: Project Manual Outline
- A. learn
- B. learns
- C. learned
Subject 'All children' is plural, so use the base form 'learn' for present simple: 'All children learn something new every day.'
A
- A. work
- B. works
- C. worked
Subject 'A good student' is singular, so use 'works' in present simple: 'A good student always works hard.'
B
- A. build
- B. builds
- C. built
Subject 'Engineers' is plural, so use 'build' in present simple: 'Engineers build bridges.'
A
Same as above: with 'I' use present continuous 'am waiting.'
am waiting
Use the present continuous 'is working' because the clause 'It is better not to disturb her' implies she is working right now.
is working
Use present continuous 'is working' because 'now' indicates an action happening at the present time.
is working
- A. drizzle
- B. drizzles
- C. drizzled
Habitual action in the present requires simple present third-person singular: 'drizzles'.
B
- A. work
- B. works
- C. worked
Subject 'My mother' is third-person singular; use 'works' for present simple.
B
- A. give
- B. gives
- C. gave
Plural subject 'Cows' takes plural verb 'give' in present simple.
A
Present participle of 'come' is 'coming'.
coming
Present participle of 'take' is 'taking'.
taking
Present participle of 'fly' is 'flying'.
flying
Present participle of 'swim' is 'swimming'.
swimming
The -ing form of 'study' is 'studying' (final 'y' changes to 'i' + 'ing' rule does not apply here because 'study' -> 'studying').
studying
The -ing form of 'read' is 'reading'.
reading
No, Velu is not eating
Yes, Peter is watching TV
No, Anu is not crying; she is singing.
- A. design
- B. designs
- C. designed
'She' (third-person singular) requires 'designs' in present simple.
B
- A. protect
- B. protects
- C. protected
'The Himalayas' is treated as plural here, so use 'protect' in present simple.
A
- A. speak
- B. speaks
- C. spoke
Kamali (singular) requires the third-person singular present 'speaks'.
B
- A. run
- B. runs
- C. ran
Trains (plural) takes the plural present 'run'.
A
Present participle 'standing' is used after 'is' in the progressive form: 'Who is that boy standing on the table?'
standing
Present continuous form: 'What are you doing?' uses 'doing' (present participle).
doing
Present continuous: use 'am listening' for first person singular present progressive.
am listening (I am listening to music.)
Peter is watching
Sudan is playing
Velu is reading
Anu is singing
Kalai is crying
Peter is watching
Sudan is playing
Velu is reading
Anu is singing
Kalai is crying
No, Galen is not reading; he is eating.
No, Kalai is not dancing
The -ing form (present participle) of 'come' is 'coming'.
coming
Form negative by inserting 'not' after auxiliary 'is': 'He is not learning to read.' (Contraction: 'He isn't learning to read.')
He is not learning to read.
Insert 'not' after auxiliary 'am': 'I am not having a bath.' (Contraction: 'I'm not having a bath.')
I am not having a bath.
Expand contraction and insert 'not' after 'am': 'I am not reading a fantastic book.' (Contraction: 'I'm not reading a fantastic book.')
I am not reading a fantastic book.
Insert 'not' after auxiliary 'is': 'Raja is not driving a new car.' (Contraction: 'Raja isn't driving a new car.')
Raja is not driving a new car.
Insert 'not' after 'am': 'I am not looking for my bag.' (Contraction: 'I'm not looking for my bag.')
I am not looking for my bag.
Isn't she watching TV?
Who is he helping?
Present continuous negative: subject + is not + verb-ing → 'Her father is not cooking dinner.'
Her father is not cooking dinner.
Present continuous negative: 'Akila is not singing a song.' (Contraction: 'Akila isn't singing a song.')
Akila is not singing a song.
Present continuous negative: 'My brother is not doing his homework.'
My brother is not doing his homework.
Is your mother working today?
Present continuous negative: 'Amutha and Praba are not playing tennis.' (Contraction: 'Amutha and Praba aren't playing tennis.')
Amutha and Praba are not playing tennis.
Present continuous negative: 'Amith and Ravi are not swimming in the lake.'
Amith and Ravi are not swimming in the lake.
Present continuous = subject + am/is/are + verb+ing. 'You are listening to the music.' (Contraction: 'You're listening to the music.')
You are listening to the music.
Present continuous of 'cry' is 'is crying': 'He is crying.'
He is crying.
Present continuous: 'I am' + 'swimming' => 'I am swimming in the pool.' (Contraction: 'I'm swimming...')
I am swimming in the pool.
Present continuous: use 'is' for third-person singular + verb+ing: 'Latha is waiting for her daughter.'
Latha is waiting for her daughter.
- A. never apologized
- B. has never apologized
- C. have never apologized
Correct: 'She has never apologized to anybody.' Use 'has' with third-person singular in present perfect.
B
Are they singing?
Is she writing a new book?
- A. has been
- B. being in
- C. have been
Is it working?
Is he doing the project?
Are we planning to go?
- A. are you waiting
- B. have you been waiting
- C. have you waited
Present perfect continuous question: 'How long have you been waiting?' → option B.
B
- A. is working
- B. has been working
- C. work
Present perfect continuous: 'She has been working in the garden since morning.' → option B.
B
Use present perfect with 'ever' in questions and 'never' in negatives. Example answers: "Yes, I have eaten a kiwi fruit." or "No, I have never eaten a kiwi fruit."
Yes, I have eaten a kiwi fruit. / No, I have never eaten a kiwi fruit.
All verbs have been converted to past tense to complete the story logically (knew, could, was, said, had, found, told, hid, began, ran, was, thought, decided, fell, woke, saw, was, ran, could, sat, got, turned, crossed, won).
One day a hare and a tortoise decided to have a race. The tortoise knew that the hare could run faster than him. But the tortoise was more intelligent than the hare. "Yes, I'll race you," said the tortoise. The tortoise had a clever plan. He found his brothers and sisters and he told them to wait in different places along the path of the race. So they all hid behind the trees along the path. The race began! The hare ran as fast as possible. But the hare was faster, of course. "This will be a very easy race," thought the hare. So the hare decided to rest, and he quickly fell asleep at the side of the road. Suddenly, the hare woke up and he saw a tortoise ahead of him! "How did he get ahead of me?" he asked himself. In fact, it was not his friend; it was the tortoise's sister. But to a hare, all tortoises look the same. The sister ran past the hare easily. Soon, he could not see the tortoise, so he sat down to rest. Then the tortoise got up and continued the race. But as the hare turned around the last corner before the finish line, his friend the tortoise crossed the line and won the race!
Past continuous = were + verb-ing -> were waiting.
The children were waiting for the bus.
Past continuous = were + learning.
The girls were learning their lessons.
Past continuous: was + verb-ing -> was playing.
I was playing in the rain all evening.
The past tense of 'repair' is regular: repaired.
Vijay repaired his car.
'Work' is regular in past: worked.
Hari worked hard to pass the entrance examination.
Use past perfect to show an action earlier than another past action: 'had not started'.
Kalai didn't complete his homework because he had not started it.
Use past perfect for the earlier past action: 'had already left.'
By the time Sundar got up, his friends had already left.
Past perfect ('had started') describes the earlier event that occurred before reaching the park.
When we reached the park, the show had already started.
Saralah did not want to see her friend, as she had decided to avoid her.
Past perfect: 'had heard' describes an action completed before the time he was laughing.
Manohar was laughing because he had heard a funny joke.
Past perfect continuous form = had been + verb-ing -> had been visiting.
I think Manju had been visiting her grandparents during the vacation.
- A. baked
- B. had been baking
Use past perfect continuous (had been baking) for an action that was in progress before another past event ('when they came').
B
- A. cleaned
- B. had been cleaning
Use past perfect continuous (had been cleaning) with 'since morning' to indicate an action continuing up to a past point.
B
- A. worked
- B. had been working
Use past perfect continuous to show an action that continued for a period before another past action: 'We had been working in the city for ten years before we moved to the village.'
B
- A. had been waiting
- B. was waiting
Past perfect continuous ('had been waiting') is used to show the cat's waiting continued up to a past moment: 'The cat had been waiting for the mice to come out of its hole.'
A
- A. had been looking
- B. have been looking
Correct present perfect continuous for a singular subject is 'has been looking'. The OCR shows 'have been looking' — this is likely an OCR error. Correct sentence: 'Kannan has been looking for a job for a long time.'
B
Use simple present in hope expressions: 'We hope you have a great time in Ooty.' (Alternatively 'will have' is possible, but the common completion is 'have'.)
have
A natural present continuous completion: 'He is attending the conference.' (Without further context alternatives like 'attended' or 'will attend' are possible.)
is attending
Future continuous form: 'will be' + present participle: 'Ashwin will be completing his M.B.A. in another two years.'
Ashwin will be completing his M.B.A. in another two years.
Future continuous: 'I will be going to Thanjavur by this time tomorrow.'
I will be going to Thanjavur by this time tomorrow.
Future continuous: 'Prabha will be receiving the best student award in six months' time.'
Prabha will be receiving the best student award in six months' time.
Future continuous: 'The plane will be leaving at 3 o'clock.'
The plane will be leaving at 3 o'clock.
Amala will be visiting her grandmother on Sunday morning.
Amala will be preparing sweets on Saturday afternoon.
Amala will be going to the library to return the library books on Wednesday morning.
On Tuesday morning, Amala will be meeting her friends.
Amala will be buying groceries for the week on Monday afternoon.
1. In 50 years the ice cap will have melted. 2. In 100 years India will have become the world's richest country. 3. In 50 years China will have launched a space centre on the Moon. 4. In 10 years the world's population will have reached 10 billion. 5. In 50 years scientists will have invented a complete cure for cancer. 6. In 1000 years the world will have become one country. 7. In 50 years women will have obtained equal rights with men.
1. In 50 years the ice cap will have melted. 2. In 100 years India will have become the world's richest country. 3. In 50 years China will have launched a space centre on the Moon. 4. In 10 years the world's population will have reached 10 billion. 5. In 50 years scientists will have invented a complete cure for cancer. 6. In 1000 years the world will have become one country. 7. In 50 years women will have obtained equal rights with men.