Nehru wrote the letter from Central Prison, Naini, Uttar Pradesh.
Joan of Arc inspired young Indira.
Nehru explains that he could not send gifts as he was imprisoned; instead he sent his love and good wishes in the letter.
No. He did not send any presents because he was in prison.
Nehru points out that ordinary people, when placed in the extraordinary situations of national struggle and guided by strong ideals (such as freedom and truth), rise to heroic action.
Circumstances and ideals—when great events or crises arise, ordinary people inspired by ideals and duty can perform heroic deeds.
'Bapuji' is the respectful Indian term commonly used for Mohandas K. Gandhi, and in Nehru's letter it refers to Gandhi.
Bapuji refers to Mahatma Gandhi.
Nehru emphasizes that soldiers serve the nation and must respect the people and the principles for which the nation stands; they are not above the democratic will of the people.
They should respect the people of India and the ideals of the nation (the people's rights and democratic will).
Nehru explains that imprisonment prevented him from sending material gifts; instead he sent his loving letter and best wishes.
Because he was in prison at the time and therefore could not send gifts.
Nehru suggests that personal feelings, thoughts, and the will to serve and love remain strong despite physical confinement; emotional bonds and ideals transcend prison.
Love, affection, and the spirit of free thought and devotion cannot be stopped by prison walls.
Nehru believed that long moral lectures (sermons) were ineffective and that one should lead by example and sensible guidance rather than preachiness.
Because he disliked telling people what to do in a moralistic way; he preferred action and example over preachy lectures.
Nehru argues that history records the actions of people in great events and that ordinary people can become the makers of history through their deeds.
History shows that great changes are often brought about by ordinary people who rise to the occasion and act courageously.
Nehru notes that most people are occupied with ordinary, everyday matters; heroism arises when such people respond to extraordinary needs.
They usually think of home, family, daily duties and personal concerns rather than heroic or public deeds.
Nehru's point is that heroism is situational: ordinary people are transformed into heroes by responding selflessly in times of national or moral need.
When great events or crises call for sacrifice and courage, ordinary people act for the common good and become heroes.
Nehru uses the metaphor of a drama to describe the large-scale historical events—struggles and sacrifices—that shape the nation's destiny.
The 'great drama' refers to the national struggle and the unfolding events of the country's movement for freedom.
Nehru explains that followers of Gandhi draw courage from their commitment to truth and non-violence; their moral purpose makes them fearless.
Because they are guided by strong moral conviction, non-violence, discipline and faith in the cause led by Gandhi.
Pandit Nehru was imprisoned in Naini jail. As he was not able to send a gift to Indira on her birthday, he sends her a letter. Though presents are appreciated, letters can equally be cherished as gifts. Nehru did not like to sermonize or give advice. We have learned that it is important to do things without fear. We should recognize right from wrong. While facing problems, we can resolve them by discussing them with near and dear ones.
The value of the contribution of our leaders to fight for freedom and the value of qualities exhibited by these leaders. The two factors that make ordinary men heroes are, (i) full faith in a great cause and (ii) love and respect for the nation. Mahatma Gandhi inspired millions of people to fight for freedom. Nehru wants Indira to develop qualities like respect for her country’s honour, trust, patriotism, etc.
(OR)
Jawaharlal Nehru is in Naini prison. He usually gives a present to his young daughter Indira who is 13. But now he cannot do so. He writes a birthday letter to her as her present. He reminds of the historical character Joan of Arc. He empasises the significance of historical events. History even helps common people to become heroes. Great leaders inspire ordinary people to do noble deeds.
He admires Babuji whose magic message from the prison has stolen the hearts of India’s millions. It has made all to participate in the freedom movement. He sites the people working with no secrecy or hiding. Nehru wishes Indira to do anything not secretly. If she does so she will group up unafraid serene and unruffled, whatever may happen. Finally, he blesses her that she may grow into a brave soldier in India’s service.
“Openness can bring happiness, courage, and success”.
Mussoorie,
October 27, 1930.
My dear dad,
My joy has no bounds to receive your Letter. I am amazed to have it as my birthday present. I feel as if you are sitting beside me and talking to me.
I am thrilled to read about the historic events how history has made simple, ordinary people to become heroes. It is overwhelming to know how Babuji’s magic message has stolen the hearts of India’s millions. As you say, we too take some part in this great drama of the freedom movement.
Your words are so powerful and I shall respect India’s honour which is a secret trust. I am grateful dad for imparting so much about the history of India. Like Babuji, I shall be truthful and have no room for secrecy or hiding. I’m sure to make friends with the sun and work in the lights.
With your hearty wish, I’ll grow up unafraid serene, and unruffled, whatever may happen. I’ve read the letter completely and energized very much. I’ll be a brave soldier in India’s service fulfilling your dreams.
With much love and deep regards.
Yours loving daughter,
Indira Priyadarshini.
- a. brothers
- b. friends
- c. colleagues
- d. classmates
(a) Brothers.
- a. uncle's
- b. parents'
- c. grandparents'
- d. sister's
(b) Parents'.
- a. March 2nd
- b. April 2nd
- c. May 2nd
- d. June 2nd
(b) April 2.
- a. visit an orphanage
- b. donate some money
- c. plant a mango sapling
- d. conduct a game
(c) Plant a mango sapling.
- a. True
- b. False
False. They use their savings to buy the sapling; they do not borrow money.
1. wide - broad - narrow; 2. noble - gentle - ignoble; 3. oppress - subdue - freedom; 4. honour - privilege - dishonour; 5. worthy - valuable - unworthy; 6. private - personal - public; 7. brave - valiant - coward.
1. Fact; 2. Fact; 3. Fact; 4. Opinion; 5. Opinion.
The name is Anne Frank’s Diary Entry.
Anne wanted to exchange the book Camera Obscura’ as her sister Margot already had it.
Anne Frank herself baked the homemade cookies.
Anne chose volleyball to play.
Anne valued the gift from Kitty the most.
Good morning everyone,
I am celebrating my birthday today at this orphanage because I want to share my happiness and help those in need. I came with my family and close friends. We prepared simple, nutritious food — rice, curry, fruits and homemade cookies — to serve the children and staff. We also brought useful gifts: bedsheets, footwear and school supplies. After serving food, we will cut a cake together and play some games to entertain the children. I feel grateful and happy to spend my birthday bringing joy to others.
Thank you.
Mahesh celebrated his 14th birthday at an old-age home with his family and friends. He informed the home in advance and delegated tasks so everything would be ready. His friends bought necessary items, and they arrived early to decorate the hall with balloons and coloured paper. When the inmates gathered, Mahesh cut the cake; everyone sang and clapped happily. He distributed cakes and offered useful gifts like bedsheets and footwear. Mahesh expressed his feelings and received many blessings. The event brought fun and entertainment, and he felt happy and content.
- a. this
- b. those
- c. these
those.
- a. the
- b. a
- c. an
The.
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
a.
- a. much
- b. many
- c. a lot
many.
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
an.
- a. some
- b. any
- c. many
any.
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
an.
- a. any
- b. all
- c. each
each.
- a. all
- b. some
- c. any
some.
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
the.
- a. much
- b. many
- c. a lot
much.
- a. any
- b. every
- c. some
some.
- a. a
- b. two
- c. second
second.
- a. a
- b. three
- c. third
three.
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
an.
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
Use 'an' before a vowel sound: 'an unforgettable experience.'
b
- a. some
- b. any
- c. many
Use 'any' in negative sentences with plural countable nouns: 'I haven't got any pictures.'
b
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
Use 'an' before a word starting with a vowel sound: 'an engineer.'
b
- a. any
- b. all
- c. each
'Each child' is correct when referring to every individual in a group: 'Kokila gave a pen to each child.'
c
- a. all
- b. some
- c. any
'Some' is used for an unspecified positive quantity needed to be done: 'I've got to solve some math problems.'
b
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
Use the definite article with superlatives: 'the largest democracy.'
c
- a. much
- b. many
- c. a lot
'Coffee' is an uncountable noun here, so use 'much'.
a
- a. any
- b. every
- c. some
'Some' is used for a definite but unspecified amount in positive sentences: 'some money'.
c
- a. a
- b. two
- c. second
Use the ordinal 'second' for 'the 2nd birthday': 'my sister's second birthday.'
c
- a. a
- b. three
- c. third
'Three' is the correct numeral: 'I have three pencils.'
b
- a. a
- b. an
- c. the
Use 'an' before vowel sounds: 'an aeroplane.'
b
1. 'I have to go.' (say) -> He said that he had to go.
2. 'Can you hear me?' (ask) -> She asked if she/he could be heard. (standard: She asked if I could hear her.)
3. 'Consult the doctor.' (advise) -> He advised (you) to consult the doctor. (already given)
4. 'I won't go to the party.' (say) -> He said that he would not (wouldn't) go to the party.
5. 'When did you come?' (ask) -> She asked when I had come. (or 'when he/she had come' depending on context)
6. 'Don't touch the wire.' (warn) -> She warned me/us not to touch the wire.
Provided below are the reported forms for the direct sentences:
Imperative changes to 'told/asked/advised' + 'not' + base verb: 'Pushpa told them not to spoil the ecosystem.' (corrected 'eco-system' to 'ecosystem')
Pushpa told them not to spoil the ecosystem.
Yes/no question becomes 'asked whether/if' and present perfect shifts to past perfect: 'asked whether I had booked the tickets to Delhi.'
Ebin asked whether I had booked the tickets to Delhi.
Corrected phrasing 'leaving to our native' -> 'leaving for our native place'. Wh-question becomes 'asked ... when' and present continuous shifts to past continuous: 'were leaving.'
Rehman asked Tilak when they were leaving for their native place.
Change from direct to indirect speech: remove the quotation marks, use a reporting verb ('told' because it is a command/suggestion to a person), and change the vocative structure to a clause. 'Should' remains unchanged.
Maha told Lakshan that he should get up early in the morning.
Change the question into a reported request: use 'asked' + object + infinitive. Corrected 'hot-chocolate' to 'hot chocolate' and changed 'me' to 'him' for indirect speech.
Gladin asked his mother to buy him a hot chocolate.
Change time expression and tense for reported speech: 'tomorrow' → 'the next day'; present 'have to' → past 'had to'; add 'that' and change pronoun 'I' → 'she'.
Sudha said that she had to take a test in English the next day.
Change pronouns and tense for reported speech: 'I' → 'she', present 'need' → past 'needed'. Corrected 'in the shelf' to standard 'on the shelf'. Use 'told' for reporting a statement/request.
Amali told her sister that she needed her help to arrange the books on the shelf.
Convert the direct question into reported question: use 'asked' and change present tense and question form into a clause. 'Don't' becomes 'didn't' (backshift).
Prabhu asked his son why he didn't use crayons for colouring.
The project asks students to produce daily personal diary entries and compile them. Keep entries informal, honest, and reflective. Include date/title, brief account of events, feelings, and any reflections or plans. No signature is necessary since a diary is personal.
Task: Maintain daily diary entries for a month and compile them. Example (Day 1):
Dear Diary,
Today was my first day of this month-long diary. I woke up early, helped my mother with breakfast and went to school. In the afternoon I finished a project and practiced the piano. I felt proud when my teacher praised my work. Before bed I read a short story and planned my goals for tomorrow. Goodnight.
(Note: entries are personal and informal; no signature required.)