- a. police officers
- b. firefighters
- c. insurance agents
- d. emergency medical technicians
Insurance agents are not first responders. First responders at a disaster are emergency services such as police, firefighters and emergency medical technicians who provide immediate assistance.
c
Lower branches can break and damage the roof or injure people during storms, and they can allow fire to spread to the building. Cutting them back reduces these risks and improves access for rescue or firefighting.
To reduce hazard from falling branches during storms or high winds, to prevent branches from contacting the roof (which can start fires or provide access for pests), and to give clear access for emergency services and safe evacuation.
- a. Fire
- b. Earthquake
- c. Tsunami
- d. Riot
"Drop, Cover, Hold" is the standard immediate action drill for earthquakes: drop to the ground, take cover under sturdy furniture, and hold on until shaking stops.
b
- a. 114
- b. 112
- c. 115
- d. 118
112 is India's pan‑emergency number that connects callers to police, fire and medical services. Use the local fire number if different, otherwise call 112.
b
- a. 'Stop, Drop, Roll' is for fire.
- b. 'Drop, Cover, Hold' is for an earthquake.
- c. 'If sea water recedes back, run to higher places' is for flood.
- d. 'If gunshots are heard, drop to the ground and cover the head with hand' is for riot.
If sea water recedes and exposes the seafloor it is a warning sign of a tsunami; people should move to higher ground. That statement is not advice for a flood, so option (c) is untrue as written.
c
- a. Avoid, any place where police or security forces action is in progress.
- b. Know the height of your street above sea level and the distance of your street from the coast.
- c. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls and anything that could fall.
- d. Before opening a door, feel it with the back of your hand.
Staying away from windows, outside doors, walls and anything that can fall is specific to earthquake safety (protect yourself from falling debris). The other options relate to civil unrest (a), tsunami/flood preparedness (b), and fire safety (d).
c
Local residents and community volunteers are usually first on the scene and can provide lifesaving assistance (evacuation, first aid, basic search and rescue) until official responders arrive.
Community first responders are local people — neighbours, family members, local volunteers, community leaders and community-based organisations — who provide immediate help before professional teams arrive.
Defines tsunami, lists causes, effects and a key warning sign and safety action (move to higher ground).
A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by undersea earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or landslides. Tsunamis travel fast across the ocean and can cause severe coastal flooding and destruction when they reach shore. Warning signs include a strong earthquake near the coast and rapid sea recession; immediately move to higher ground on such warnings.
Location on convergent plate boundaries and subduction zones makes Indonesia more seismically active; Japan's dense network detects earthquakes well but does not change their frequency.
Indonesia experiences more earthquakes because it lies on multiple active tectonic plate boundaries (the Pacific, Eurasian and Indo‑Australian plates) in the seismically active 'Ring of Fire', causing frequent seismic activity despite Japan's dense monitoring network.
Follows the "Drop, Cover, Hold" procedure, avoids hazards like glass and falling objects, and advises safe evacuation practices.
Drop to the ground, take cover under sturdy furniture and hold on until shaking stops. Stay away from windows, outside walls, heavy furniture and objects that may fall. Do not use elevators; evacuate only after shaking stops and it is safe to do so.
The textbook states: "On an average, in India, every year, about 25,000 persons die due to fires ... Female accounts for about 66% of those killed in fire accidents. It is estimated that about 42 females and 21 males die every day in India due to fire."
About 21 males and 42 females per day
Immediate evacuation to high ground, following warnings and official instructions, and staying away from the shore until the all-clear are the key responses to a tsunami.
If you receive a tsunami warning or notice warning signs (strong earthquake, unusual sea recession), move immediately to higher ground or inland and stay there. Follow official evacuation routes and instructions, avoid the coast and low-lying areas, and do not return until authorities declare it safe.
Post-tsunami actions focus on safety (avoid hazards and contaminated water), assisting others, and following official guidance for relief and recovery.
After a tsunami, stay away from flooded or damaged areas, avoid entering buildings until inspected, help injured if trained, listen to authorities for information and relief instructions, and avoid using contaminated water—boil or use safe supplies. Report hazards (downed power lines, gas leaks) to authorities.
Three clear actions: raise alarm and call for help; use stop‑drop‑roll or fire extinguisher if appropriate; evacuate safely staying low to avoid smoke inhalation.
Alert others immediately and call the emergency number (112). If clothing catches fire, stop, drop and roll; if the fire is small and you are trained, use a fire extinguisher. Evacuate the building using stairs, stay low to avoid smoke, and do not use elevators.