Samacheer Class 10 Science - Health and Diseases

Q.1 Tobacco consumption is known to stimulate secretion of adrenaline. The component causing this could be

Q.2 World 'No Tobacco Day' is observed on

Q.3 Cancer cells are more easily damaged by radiations than normal cells because they are

Q.4 Which type of cancer affects lymph nodes and spleen?

Q.5 Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to

Q.6 Coronary heart disease is due to

Q.7 Cancer of the epithelial cells is called

Q.8 Metastasis is associated with

Q.9 Polyphagia is a condition seen in

Q.10 Where does alcohol effect immediately after drinking?

Q.1 Suggest measures to overcome the problems of an alcoholic. Answer: (i) Education and counselling : Education and proper counselling will help the alcoholics to overcome their problems and stress, to accept failures in their life. (ii) Physical activity: Individuals undergoing rehabilitation should be channelized into healthy activities like reading, music, sports, yoga and meditation. (iii) Seeking help from parents and peer groups: When a problematic situation occurs, the affected individuals should seek help and guidance from parents and peers. This would help them to share their feeling of anxiety, wrong doing and get rid of the habit. (iv) Medical assistance: Individual should seek help from psychologists and psychiatrists to get relieved from this condition and to lead a relaxed and peaceful life. (v) Alcohol de-addiction and rehabilitation programmes are helpful to the individual so that they could get rid of the problem completely and can lead a normal and healthy life.

Q.2 Changes in lifestyle is a risk factor for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Can it be modified ? If yes, suggest measures for prevention. Answer: Cardiovascular disease is associated with diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The risk factors for coronary heart diseases are : Hypercholesterolemia (High blood cholesterol) and high blood pressure (Hypertension) are the major causes. If untreated it may cause severe damage to brain, kidney and eventually lead to stroke. Causes: Diet rich in saturated fat and cholesterol, heredity (family history), obesity, increasing age, cigarette smoking, emotional stress, sedentary life style, excessive alcohol consumption and physical inactivity are some of the causes. Thus changes in life style are a important factor for the occurrence of heart disease: It can be modified by conscious efforts such as : (i) Eating healthy food rich is proteins and carbohydrates and avoiding Junk food. (ii) Avoiding food items rich in cholesterol. (iii) Avoiding sedentary life style at home and work place by indulging in lot of physical activity. (iv) Avoid smoking, alcohol consumption. (v) Go for regular medical tests to determine the blood cholesterol levels and related body functions. (vi) Eating habits must be regular and food must not be compromised. (vii) Lot of fresh fruits and salads included in the diet can help to remain healthy. X. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Q.1 What is the role of fat in the cause of atherosclerosis ? (i) Fatty substances such as cholesterol get deposited in the blood vessels from childhood. (ii) It starts from a fatty streak and develops into a fibrous complicated plaque. (iii) This leads to the narrowing of blood vessels leading to atherosclerosis in the large and medium sized arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen. (iv) It leads to ischemia (deficient blood supply to heart muscle) and myocardial infarction (death of the heart muscle tissue).

Q.2 Eating junk food and consuming soft drinks results in health problems like obesity, still children prefer. What are the suggestions you would give to avoid children eating junk food/ consumption of soft drinks? (i) Children must be given healthy foods from childhood and healthy snacks must be given to them so that they develop a taste for the same from a young age. (ii) They can be given fruit juices, sugarcane juice etc., instead of cool drinks. Parents must also adhere to this. (iii) As they grow up they can be taught about the negative impact of Junk food and cool drinks. (iv) Even in schools, teachers advise parents to send healthy snacks instead of chips / other Junk food. (v) Though children will find it difficult to avoid Junk food / Cool drinks because of advertisment, influence of friends etc., we should make a conscious effort to create awareness among students.

Q.3 Regular physical exercise is advisable for normal functioning of human body. What are the advantages of practising exercise in daily life? Regular physical exercise can give the following benefits. (i) It helps to burn calories and brings about weight loss.. Obesity can be avoided by exercising regularly. (ii) It brings about changes in the brain which can reduce stress and anxiety due to production of certain hormones. (iii) It increases energy levels in the body. (iv) It is good for the muscles and bones. (v) It brings in a lot of positive thoughts and helps fight depression. (vi) It can reduce risk of chronic diseases.

Q.4 A leading weekly magazine has recently published a survey analysis which says that number of AIDS patient in the country is increasing day by day. The report says that the awareness among the people about AIDS is still very poor. You are discussing the magazine report in your class and a team of your class decides to help people to fight against the dreadful disease.

Q.1 Once a person starts taking drugs or alcohol it is difficult to get rid of the habit. Why ? Persons who consume these drugs become fully dependent on them. They cannot live without drugs. This condition is referred as drug dependence. Physical and mental dependence: Dependence on the drug for normal condition of well being and to maintain physiological state. Psychological dependence : Feel that drugs help them to reduce stress.

Q.2 Men addicted to tobacco lead to oxygen deficiency in their body. What could be the possible reason? (i) Smoking can lead to inflammation of lung alveoli and decrease the surface area for gas exchange. (ii) Carbon monoxide of tobacco smoke binds to Haemoglobin of RBC and decreases its. Oxygen carrying capacity causing hypoxia in body tissues. (iii) Therefore men addicted to tobacco will suffer from oxygen deficiency in their body.

Q.3 Name any three foods that are to be avoided and included in the diet of a diabetic patient. Why should it be followed? Foods to be included in the diet of a diabetic patient are: (i) Whole grains (ii) Green leafy vegetables (iii) Unpolished rice These foods are rich in fibre content, proteins and have low carbohydrate content. Foods to be avoided : (i) Fruit juices I sweets. (ii) Starchy vegetables. (iii) Milk. They are rich in Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates break into glucose in blood faster than other types of food and raises blood sugar level. Hence diabetics should go in for protein rich food or food rich in fibre content.

Q.4 How can informational efforts change people’s HIV knowledge and behaviour? Efforts to share information about AIDS include : (i) Creating awareness by campaign and educating people on the consequences of AIDS. (ii) Helping people to gain knowledge about the causes and risk factors regarding the disease. Thus will help them to prevent the spread of the disease by (i) Screening of blood from blood banks before transfusion. (ii) Ensuring that only disposable needles and syringes are used in hospitals and clinics. (iii) Advocating measures for safe sex. XII. Assertion and Reasoning In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion is given and a corresponding statement of Reason is given just below it. Of statements given below mark the correct answer as

Q.1 Assertion: All drugs act on the brain. Reason: Drugs disturb the functioning of the body and mind.

Q.2 Assertion: Excretion of excess glucose in urine is observed in a person with diabetes mellitus. Reason: Pancreas is unable to produce sufficient quantity of insulin.