- A. Bukka
- B. Devaraya II
- C. Harihara II
- D. Krishna Devaraya
b). Devaraya II
- A. Elephant
- B. Horse
- C. Cow
- D. Deer
b) Hors
- A. Saluva Narasimha
- B. Devaraya II
- C. Kumara Kampana
- D. Tirumaladeva Raya
c) Kumara Kampana
- A. Ala-ud-din Hasan Shah
- B. Muhammad I
- C. Sultan Firoz
- D. Mujahid
c) Sultan Firoz
1. Penukonda was the capital of the Aravidu dynasty, which was the fourth and last dynasty to rule the Vijayanagara Empire. After the Battle of Talikota in 1565, the capital shifted from Vijayanagara to Penukonda. 2. Vijayanagar emperors issued a large number of gold coins called Varahas. These coins were an important part of the empire's economy and featured various deities and symbols, reflecting the religious and cultural aspects of the time. 3. Mahmud Gawan, the influential prime minister of the Bahmani Kingdom, used Persian chemists to teach the preparation and use of gunpowder. This introduction of advanced military technology significantly enhanced the Bahmani army's capabilities. 4. In Vijayanagara administration, the Gauda looked after the affairs of villages. The Gauda was a village headman or chief who played a crucial role in local governance, revenue collection, and maintaining law and order at the village level.
- A. Ruler of Odisha
- B. Astadiggajas
- C. Pandurangamahatyam
- D. City of victory
The correct matching is as follows: Vijayanagara corresponds to City of victory, as the name itself means the city of victory in Sanskrit. Prataparudra was the Ruler of Odisha who had significant interactions with the Vijayanagar kingdom. Krishnadevaraya is associated with the Astadiggajas, which were the eight great poets and scholars who adorned his court and contributed significantly to literature and culture. Abdur Razzaq was a Persian emissary who visited the Vijayanagar court and left valuable accounts of the empire's wealth and administration. Tenali Ramakrishna was a celebrated poet and scholar, author of the famous work Pandurangamahatyam, and is remembered as one of the most illustrious figures in Vijayanagar's cultural history.
- A. R is not the correct explanation of A
- B. R is correct explanation of A
- C. A is correct and R is wrong
- D. (A) and (R) are Correct
b) R is correct explanation of A
- A. Silk – China
- B. Spices – Arabia
- C. Precious stone – Burma
- D. Madurai Vijayam – Gangadevi
b) Spices – Arabia
- A. i), ii) are correct
- B. i), ii), iii) are correct
- C. ii), iii), iv) are correct
- D. iii), iv) are correct
i), ii) are correctV.True or False:
False. Harihara and Bukka were not the founders of the Bahmani kingdom. They were the founders of the Vijayanagar kingdom in the fourteenth century. The Bahmani kingdom was founded by Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah, who established an independent sultanate in the Deccan region and ruled from Gulbarga. This is an important distinction as both kingdoms were major powers in South India during the medieval period, but they had different founders and origins.
False. Krishnadevaraya, who reigned for 20 years, was not the most illustrious ruler of the Sangama dynasty. He was actually the most illustrious ruler of the Tuluva dynasty, which was the third dynasty of the Vijayanagar empire. Krishnadevaraya is celebrated for his military conquests, administrative reforms, patronage of arts and literature, and the flourishing of culture during his reign. The Sangama dynasty was the first dynasty of Vijayanagar, founded by Harihara and Bukka, and had its own prominent rulers like Devaraya II.
True. Alasani Peddana was indeed the greatest of all the Astadiggajas, the eight celebrated poets and scholars who served at the court of Krishnadevaraya during the Vijayanagar empire. Alasani Peddana was renowned for his literary genius and contributions to Telugu literature, earning him the highest recognition among the eight poets.
True. Kingship in the Vijayanagar administration was hereditary, based on the principle of primogeniture, which meant that the throne passed from the king to his eldest son. This system of succession ensured continuity and stability in the governance of the empire and was a common practice among medieval Indian kingdoms.
True. There were 18 monarchs of the Bahmani dynasty who ruled over the Bahmani sultanate from its establishment in the fourteenth century until its decline in the early sixteenth century. The dynasty produced several notable rulers who contributed to the development of administration, military organization, and cultural patronage in the Deccan region.
The four dynasties of the Vijayanagar kingdom, each with prominent rulers, are as follows. The Sangama Dynasty, the first and founding dynasty, had Devaraya II as one of its most prominent rulers who expanded the empire's territories. The Saluva Dynasty, the second dynasty, was established by Saluva Narasimha, who played a crucial role in the political transitions of the empire. The Tuluva Dynasty, the third dynasty, produced Krishnadevaraya, the most illustrious ruler of the entire Vijayanagar empire, known for his military prowess, administrative reforms, and cultural patronage. The Aravidu Dynasty, the fourth and final dynasty, had Tirumaladeva as a notable ruler who presided over the empire during its declining phase. These dynasties collectively ruled the Vijayanagar empire for over two centuries and left a lasting impact on South Indian history and culture.
The Sultans of Deccan kingdoms forming a league to fight against the Vijayanagar Empire.
The battle is known as ‘Rakasa Tangadi’ or ‘Battle of Talikota’.
They fought at Talikota in 1565 A.D. Vijayanagar was defeated.
All the buildings, Palaces and temples were destroyed in the capital city Hampi.
The structure of governance in the Vijayanagar kingdom was hierarchically organized and well-defined. The empire was divided into different administrative units called mandalams, nadus, sthalas, and gramas, each with specific functions and responsibilities. Each province was administered by a Mandalesvara, who was responsible for the governance and welfare of the region. At the village level, each settlement had a grama sabha, an assembly that dealt with local matters. The Gauda, or village headman, looked after the affairs of the village and served as the representative of the central authority at the grassroots level. The empire maintained a well-organized military consisting of infantry, cavalry equipped with firearms, and elephant corps, which ensured the security and stability of the kingdom. This administrative structure allowed the Vijayanagar empire to effectively govern its vast territories and maintain control over diverse populations.
The five independent kingdoms of the Deccan Sultanate were Bidar, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Berar, and Golconda. These kingdoms emerged after the decline and fragmentation of the Bahmani sultanate in the early sixteenth century and became powerful sultanates in their own right, each controlling significant territories and resources in the Deccan region.
Ala-ud-din Hasan Shah, an important ruler of the Bahmani sultanate, implemented significant educational reforms to strengthen the state. He took special care in founding a school to educate his own sons in the principles of governance and statecraft. Additionally, he opened institutions for the children of noble families to impart training in the art of soldiery and military skills. These educational initiatives were aimed at creating a well-trained administrative and military class that could effectively serve the sultanate and maintain its power and stability.
- A. R is not the correct explanation of A
- B. R is the correct explanation of A
- C. A is correct and R is wrong
- D. (A) and (R) are Correct
b) R is the correct explanation of
- A. Muhammad -1
- B. Mujahid
- C. Gawan
- D. Shihab – ud – din Mahmud
c) Gawan
(i) Krishnadevaraya who reigned for 20 years was the most illustrious ruler of the Tuluva dynasty.
(ii) He brought under control the independent chieftains in the Tungabhadra river basin.
(iii) The Bahmani sultan, Mahmud Shah, had been overthrown and kept in imprisonment by his minister. Krishnadevaraya freed the sultan and restored him to the throne. Prataparudra negotiated for peace and offered to marry off his daughter to him.
(iv) Accepting the offer, Krishnadevaraya returned the territory he had conquered from Prataparudra.
(v) Krishnadevaraya, with the assistance of the Portuguese gunners, could easily defeat the Sultan of Golconda and subsequently take over Raichur from the ruler of Bijapur.
A Great Builder:
(i) Krishnadevaraya built huge irrigation tanks and reservoirs for harvesting rainwater.
(ii) He built the famous temples of Krishnaswamy, Hazara Ramaswamy and Vithalaswamy in the capital city of Hampi.
(iii) He distributed the wealth he gained in wars to all major temples of South India for the purpose of constructing temple gateways (gopura), called ‘Rayagopuram,’ in his honour.
(iv) He had good friendly relationship with the Portuguese and Arabian traders, which increased the Empire’s income through customs.
Patron of Literature, Art and Architecture:
Krishnadevaraya patronised art and literature. Eight eminent luminaries in literature known as astadiggajas adorned his court.
The eight ministers of the Bahmani state formed a sophisticated administrative system with clearly defined roles and responsibilities. The Vakil-us-saltana served as the Lieutenant of the Kingdom and held significant authority in state affairs. The Peshwa was closely associated with the lieutenant and assisted in the administration of the state. The Waziri-kull supervised the work of all other ministers and acted as a coordinating authority. The Amir-i-jumla held the position of Minister for Finance and managed the financial resources of the sultanate. The Nazir served as the Assistant minister for finance and helped in financial administration. The Wasir-i-ashraf was the Minister of Foreign Affairs and handled diplomatic relations with other kingdoms. The Kotwal served as the Chief of Police and city magistrate, responsible for maintaining law and order in urban areas. The Sadr-i-jahan held the position of Chief Justice and Minister of Religious Affairs and Endowments, overseeing the judicial system and religious institutions. This ministerial structure ensured efficient governance and division of administrative responsibilities across different domains of state administration.
After Krishna Devaraya, the rulers were inefficient in the Vijayanagar empire. Making use of the situation the commanders declared independence.
There were frequent wars between Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdom which made the country economically weak.
Finally, the sultans of Deccan Kingdoms formed a league against Vijayanagar. The combined forces of the enemies defeated Vijayanagar in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 A.D.
These sultans destroyed the buildings, palaces, temples and the capital city of Hampi.
The Bahmani Kingdom was ruled by 18 monarchs and lasted for nearly 180 years. This kingdom was established in the Deccan region and became one of the major powers of medieval India. The Bahmani Sultanate played a significant role in the political landscape of South India during its existence. Mahmud Shah was the Bahmani Sultan who was restored to the throne by Krishna Devaraya, the great ruler of the Vijayanagar Empire. Krishna Devaraya, one of the most celebrated monarchs of the Vijayanagar Kingdom, was a scholar and patron of arts who wrote the book Jambavati Kaiyanam in Sanskrit, showcasing his literary talents. Hasan Bahman Shah, the founder of the Bahmani Kingdom, shifted his capital to Gulbarga, which became an important administrative and cultural center of the kingdom. The Bahmani Kingdom eventually fragmented into smaller sultanates, marking the end of its unified rule in the Deccan region.
- A. Balban
- B. Ala – ud – din Khilji
- C. Muhammed – bin – Tughlaq
- D. Firoz Tuglagq
c) Muhammed – bin – Tughlaq
- A. 1550
- B. 1555
- C. 1560
- D. 1565
d) 1565
- A. Kumara Kampana
- B. Ganga Devi
- C. Ibn Battuta
- D. Abdur Razzaq
b) Ganga Devi
- A. Wassuf
- B. Marcopolo
- C. IbnBattuta
- D. Abdur Razzaq
d) Abdur Razzaq
- A. District
- B. City
- C. Tarafs
- D. Capital
Tarafs
- A. Finance
- B. Deputy finance
- C. Foreign affairs
- D. Police affairs
c) Foreign affairs
- A. Mahmud bavan
- B. Muhammad
- C. Zahan khan
- D. Sultan firoz
d) sultan firoz
Vijayanagar, Bahmani
2. Vijayanagar means ………….
the city of victory3. ……………., head of Saivite Sringeri mutt instructed to establish the Vijayanagar kingdom.
Vidyaranya
4. The Vijayanagar ruler who recruited Muslim fighters in their army was ……………
Devaraya II5. Saluva Dynasty was founded by …………………
Saluva Narasimha
6. Tuluva Dynasty was founded by …………………
Naras Nayaka7. Krishna deva Raya, with the assistance of the ……………….. easily defeated the Sultan of Golconda.
Portuguese gunners
8. Rayagopuram were built by …………….
Krishna Devaraya9. The notable in Krishnadevaraya Patron was ………………….
Tenali Ramakrishna
10. Battle of Talikota also known as ……………………
Rakasa Tangadi11. Krishna Devaraya was succeeded by …………………….
Achtyuda Deva Raya
12. Vijayanagar Empire collapsed in the year ……………………
164613. Vijayanagar Provinces were administered by …………………
Mandalesvara
14. The new style of temple building temple was introduced by Vijayanagar rulers is called …………………..
Vijayanagara style15. ………………contributed extensively to the development of the bhamani kingdom
Mahamud Gawan
True. The capturing of fertile regions between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra was indeed the major cause for the wars between the Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms. These two powerful kingdoms competed fiercely for control of this agriculturally rich and strategically important territory. The fertile plains between these rivers were highly valuable for agriculture, trade, and military advantage, making them a constant point of conflict. Both kingdoms recognized the economic and strategic importance of this region, which led to numerous military campaigns and battles. The struggle for dominance over these fertile lands remained a central issue in the relations between the two kingdoms throughout their existence.
False. The Delhi Sultanate was gradually broken up into five independent Deccan Kingdoms, not six. These kingdoms emerged as the Delhi Sultanate's power declined in the Deccan region. The five major Deccan Sultanates that emerged were the Bahmani Kingdom and its successor states, which eventually fragmented into the Adil Shahi, Nizam Shahi, Imad Shahi, Qutb Shahi, and Barid Shahi kingdoms. This fragmentation occurred over time as regional governors and nobles established their own independent rule in different parts of the Deccan.
True. Amir-i-Jumla was the finance minister of the Bahmani Kingdom. This was an important administrative position responsible for managing the kingdom's finances, revenue collection, and financial policies. The Amir-i-Jumla held significant power and influence in the governance of the Bahmani Kingdom and played a crucial role in maintaining the economic stability and prosperity of the realm.