Ch 1Equality
5-Mark Questions
1. Civil equality implies equality of all before ………………….
1. Civil equality implies equality of all before law. This means that every individual, regardless of their social status, wealth, or background, is subject to the same laws and legal processes. It ensures that justice is administered impartially and that no one is above the law. 2. The Indian constitution deals with the Right to Equality from Article 14 to Article 18. …
Why is gender Equality needed?
Gender equality is essential because historically women have been considered weaker and subordinate to men, with their rights, responsibilities, and opportunities being dependent on male decisions and approval. This discrimination has denied women access to education, employment, property, and political participation. Gender equality is needed to ensure that both men and women have equal rights, equal access to opportunities, equal access to resources, and equal participation in all spheres of life including education, employment, politics, and social decision-making. …
2-Mark Questions
1. Rule of law was advocated by Dr. Ambedkar.
1. Rule of law was advocated by Dr. Ambedkar. This statement is False. While Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a strong proponent and architect of the Indian Constitution, which enshrines the rule of law, the concept itself was primarily advocated by A.V. Dicey, a British jurist. Dicey's theory of the rule of law emphasizes that no one is above the law and that all individuals are subject to the same legal framework. 2. Article 21 strengthened the equality before the law in the Indian constitution. This statement is False. …
What are the kinds of Equality?
There are four main kinds of Equality. Social Equality refers to equal status and treatment of all citizens in society without discrimination based on caste, creed, colour, or race. Civil Equality means equality of all citizens before the law and equal protection of the law without any discrimination. Political Equality includes the right to vote, the right to hold public office, and the right to criticize the government and participate in political processes. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Which one of the following does not come under Equality?
d) Showing inequality between rich and poor
Ch 2Interior of the Earth
5-Mark Questions
1. The core is separated from the mantle by a boundary called……………….
Weichart – Gutenberg discontinuity 2. The earthquake waves are recorded by an instrument known as ………………. Seismograph3. Magma rises to the surface and spreads over a vast area is known as ………………. Lava 4. An example for active volcano ………………. Mauna Loa in Hawaii /Mt. Strampoli / St. Helens / Pinatubo 5. Seismology is the study of ………………. Earthquakes
What are the causes of the Earthquake?
The chief cause of earthquakes is the sudden slipping of portions of the earth's crust along fractures or faults. When stress builds up along these fault lines due to the movement of tectonic plates, the sudden release of this stress causes the earth's crust to shift abruptly, producing earthquakes. The sudden shifting and upheaval of landmass creates vibrations that we experience as earthquakes. Another significant cause of earthquakes is volcanic activity. When magma beneath the earth's surface moves or when volcanic eruptions occur, they can trigger earthquakes. …
2-Mark Questions
Name the outermost layer of the earth.
The outermost layer of the earth is called the crust. It is the thin, solid, rocky layer that forms the earth's surface and is the layer on which all living organisms exist. The crust is composed of various types of rocks and minerals and is divided into continental crust and oceanic crust.
Name the movement of the Earth’s lithospheric plates?
The movement of the Earth’s lithospheric plates is known as Tectonic Movements. These movements are responsible for various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains. The lithosphere is broken into several large and small plates that constantly move over the semi-fluid asthenosphere, driven by convection currents within the Earth's mantle. This continuous motion leads to the reshaping of the Earth's surface over geological timescales.
Give an example of an extinct volcano
An example of an extinct volcano is Mt. Popa of Myanmar. Extinct volcanoes are those that have not erupted for a very long time and are not expected to erupt again in the future. They are often characterized by significant erosion of their cones and the absence of any seismic activity or gas emissions. Mt. Popa is a prominent example, now a popular pilgrimage site with a monastery built on its summit.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Nife is made up of …………..
a) Nickel and ferrous
Ch 3Production
5-Mark Questions
1. ……………….. means want satisfying power of a product.
Utility means the want-satisfying power of a product. It refers to the ability of a good or service to satisfy human wants and needs. Derived factors are Capital and Organisation. Capital refers to man-made physical goods used to produce other goods and services, while Organisation refers to the coordination and management of the other factors of production. Land is fixed in supply, meaning that the total amount of land available on Earth cannot be increased or decreased significantly. …
Define Labour.
Labour is defined by economist Alfred Marshall as the use of body or mind, partly or wholly, with a view to secure an income apart from the pleasure derived from the work. This definition emphasizes that labour is any human effort undertaken for economic gain. Labour can be physical, such as manual work in factories or fields, or mental, such as work done by teachers, doctors, and engineers. The key aspect is that labour is undertaken primarily to earn income and livelihood, though some people may also derive satisfaction from their work. …
2-Mark Questions
Name the types of utility.
Utilities refer to the satisfaction or usefulness derived from consuming a good or service. There are three main types of utility. Form utility is created when raw materials are converted into finished goods that are more useful and valuable. Time utility is created when goods are made available at the time when consumers need them. Place utility is created when goods are transported and made available at the location where consumers want to purchase them. All three types of utility together enhance the value and desirability of products for consumers.
What are the factors of production?
The factors of production are the essential inputs required to produce goods and services. There are four main factors of production. Land includes all natural resources such as soil, water, minerals, and forests that are used in the production process. Labour refers to the human effort, both physical and mental, that is applied in production. Capital includes all man-made resources such as machinery, tools, buildings, and money that are used to aid production. …
Write the three characteristics of an entrepreneur?
An entrepreneur possesses several key characteristics that enable successful business operations. First, an entrepreneur must be able to identify profitable and investible opportunities in the market by analyzing consumer needs and market trends. Second, an entrepreneur must decide the appropriate location for the production unit, considering factors like availability of raw materials, labour, transportation, and proximity to markets. Third, an entrepreneur must have the ability to make innovations and introduce new products, processes, or methods that give competitive advantage. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Production refers to ………….
b) creation of utilities
Ch 4Sources of Medieval India | Brain Grain (Term 1)
5-Mark Questions
1. …………..inscriptions provide details about administration in a Brahmadeya village.
1. Uttiramerur plates provide details about administration in a Brahmadeya village. These inscriptions, particularly from the Chola period, offer valuable insights into the local self-governance and administrative systems, including the election of village assembly members. 2. Muhammad Ghori had stamped the figure of Goddess Lakshmi on his gold coins and had his name inscribed on it. This was a notable practice that indicated a degree of cultural assimilation or strategic outreach to the local population during his rule. 3. 3.6 grams of silver amounted to a Jital. …
1. Pallichchandam was the land donated to the Jaina institution.
1. Pallichchandam was the land donated to the Jaina institution. This statement is True. Inscriptions from medieval South India often mention different types of land grants, and Pallichchandam specifically referred to land given for the maintenance of Jaina monasteries and institutions. 2. The composition of metal coins gives us information on the political condition of the empire. This statement is False. …
2-Mark Questions
Find out the wrong pair: 1. Madura Vijayam – Gangadevi 2. Abul Fazal – Ain-i-Akbari 3. Ibn Battuta – Tahquiq-i-Hind 4. Amuktamalyatha – Krishnadevaraya
3. Ibn Battuta – Tahquiq – i – Hind
Who compiled Nalayira Divyaprabhandham?
Nathamuni compiled Nalayira Divyaprabhandham, which is a collection of four thousand devotional hymns composed by the Alvars, the Tamil Bhakti saints of South India. This compilation is considered one of the most important religious texts in the Vaishnavite tradition and represents a significant source for understanding medieval South Indian religious and cultural practices.
What does the word Tuzk mean?
Tuzk means ‘Auto-Biography’.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
…………….are the writings engraved on solid surfaces such as rocks, stones, temple walls and metals.
d) Inscriptions
Ch 5Emergence of New Kingdoms in North India
5-Mark Questions
1. ………… was the founder of Vikramashila University.
Dharmpala 2. Arabs conquered Sind in ……………. 712 A.D ( C.E) 3. The city of Ajmer was founded by …………………. Simharaji4. The Khandarya temple is in ………. Madhya Pradesh
1. The Rajput States formed a collective entity called ……………………
Rajputana 2. Tomaras were ruling in the ………………….. region. Harayana3. Thirty-six royal Rajput clans were listed by ………………. in 1829. James Tod 4. Harichandra laid the foundation of the ………….. dynasties Gujarat 5. ………………….. was the first and prominent ruler of Pratiharas. Nagabhatta I 6. Deva Pala donated 5 villages to………………….. Buddhists 7.The Founder of the second Pala dynasty was………………….. Mahipala I 8. The Chauhans capital was………………….. Ans: Sakambari 9. A was the bride choosing the bridegroom of her choice. suyamwara10. Rajasthani painting focuses on…………………..themes. religious 11. …
2-Mark Questions
Name any four Rajput clans.
Four prominent Rajput clans that emerged during the medieval period in North India were the Pratiharas, the Chauhans, the Solankis, and the Paramaras of Pawar's. These clans played significant roles in shaping the political landscape of the region, establishing powerful kingdoms, and engaging in frequent conflicts with each other and with invading forces. Their contributions to art, architecture, and literature are also noteworthy, leaving a lasting legacy in Indian history.
Who was the founder of the Pala dynasty?
Gopala was the founder of the Pala Dynasty. He established the Pala Empire in Bengal and Bihar in the 8th century CE. Gopala was elected by the people to bring an end to a period of anarchy and instability in the region. His reign marked the beginning of a powerful dynasty that ruled for several centuries, contributing significantly to the cultural and political history of eastern India, particularly through their patronage of Buddhism.
Who was the Shahi ruler of Punjab defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni?
King Jayapala was the Shahi ruler of Punjab who was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni. Jayapala was a Hindu Shahi king who faced several invasions from Mahmud of Ghazni in the late 10th and early 11th centuries. After suffering a series of defeats and humiliation, he eventually committed suicide by immolation, as was the custom for defeated rulers who wished to avoid further dishonor. His defeat marked a significant turning point in the history of the region, paving the way for further Islamic incursions into India.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Who wrote Prithivirajraso?
d) Chand Bardai
Ch 6Landforms
5-Mark Questions
1. The process of breaking and crumbling of rocks is ………………………….
The process of breaking and crumbling of rocks is weathering, which occurs through physical, chemical, and biological processes that break down rock material without transportation. The place where the river joins a lake or a sea is known as a river mouth, which is the terminal point of a river system where it discharges its water into a larger body of water. Inselbergs are found in the Kalahari desert in South Africa, where they appear as isolated rocky hills rising abruptly from the surrounding flat terrain. …
1. Rivers generally originate from a ……………….. or ………………..
mountain, hill2. The raised river banks are called ……………….. Levees 3. An active agent of erosion and deposition in the deserts is ……………….. wind 4. An isolated residual hill, stand like a pillar with rounded tops are ……………….. Inselbergs 5. Northern China loess deposits are brought from the ……………….. Desert. Gobi 6. A part of land adjoining near the sea is called ……………….. sea coast7. The boundary of the sea coast, where land meets water is ……………….. coastline 8. ………………..are steep rockfaces formed when the sea waves dash against them. sea cliffs 9. The wall-like feature in the sea is ……………….. …
2-Mark Questions
Define erosion.
Erosion is the wearing away and removal of the landscape by various agents such as water, wind, ice, and sea waves. Unlike weathering, which breaks rocks in place, erosion involves the transportation of weathered material from one location to another. Rivers erode their banks and beds, creating valleys and gorges. Wind erosion shapes desert landscapes by removing and transporting sand and soil particles. Glaciers erode mountain valleys, and sea waves erode coastal areas, creating cliffs and caves. Erosion is a continuous process that significantly shapes the Earth's surface over time.
What is a plunge pool?
A plunge pool is a deep, circular hollow or basin that forms at the base of a waterfall. It is created through the process of cavitation, where the force of falling water creates air bubbles that collapse and cause intense pressure on the rock surface below. This repeated impact and pressure gradually wear away the rock, creating a depression. The plunge pool serves as a temporary reservoir of water at the foot of the waterfall and is an important feature in the erosional landscape created by river activity.
How are Oxbow lakes formed?
Oxbow lakes are formed through the continuous process of erosion and deposition along a meandering river. As a river flows, it erodes the outer banks of its meander loops while depositing sediment on the inner banks. Over time, the meander loop becomes increasingly pronounced and curved. Eventually, the narrow neck of land separating the two sides of the meander loop becomes so thin that during floods or due to continued erosion, the river breaks through and takes a shorter, straighter course. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
…………………… is a deposition of river sediments along the foot-hills.
b) Alluvial fan
Ch 7Political Parties
5-Mark Questions
1. ……………. form the back bone of democracy.
Political parties form the backbone of democracy by organizing citizens with common political beliefs and goals. Every political party in our country has to register with the Election Commission of India to be recognized as a legitimate political organization. Political parties serve as important intermediaries between citizens and policy makers, representing the interests and concerns of their members in the government. A registered but unrecognized political party cannot contest elections on its own symbol and must follow specific procedures to gain recognition. …
Write any four functions of a political party?
Political parties perform several important functions in a democratic system. First, they form and run the government by winning elections and implementing their policies and programmes for the welfare of the people. Second, they provide a loyal opposition to the ruling party, which ensures accountability and stability in governance. The opposition parties critically examine the policies and bills introduced by the government and raise their voice against failures and wrong policies. Third, they connect society and the state by acting as a bridge between the common people and the government. …
2-Mark Questions
What are the basic components of a political party?
A political party is an organized group of people with common political beliefs and goals. The basic components of a political party are the leader, who provides direction and represents the party publicly, the active members who work to promote the party's ideology and policies, and the followers or supporters who vote for the party and provide it with a base of popular support. These three components work together to form a functional political organization.
Name the three major types of party systems.
There are three major types of party systems found in different democracies around the world. The single party system is where only one political party is allowed to hold power and govern the country. The bi-party system is where two major political parties dominate and alternate in forming the government. The multiparty system is where multiple political parties compete for power and govern either individually or through coalitions, which is the system followed in India.
Name the countries which follow the Bi – party system.
The Bi-party system, characterized by the dominance of two major political parties, can be seen in countries like the United Kingdom and the United States of America. In these systems, while other smaller parties may exist and contest elections, power typically alternates between the two dominant parties. This structure often leads to greater political stability and clearer government accountability, as voters usually have a distinct choice between two main platforms and leadership teams. The presence of a strong opposition also plays a crucial role in holding the ruling party accountable.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
What is meant by Bi-party system?
a) Two parties run the government.
Ch 8Emergence of New Kingdoms in South India: Later Cholas and Pandyas
5-Mark Questions
1. …………………. built the famous Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur.
1. Rajaraja I built the famous Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur. This grand temple is a magnificent example of Chola architecture and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. 2. Rajendra I established a Vedic college at Ennayiram. This highlights the Chola patronage of education and Vedic studies during his reign. 3. Jatila Parantaka Nedujadayan (Varguna I) was the donor of Velvikudi Copper plates. These copper plates are important historical records providing insights into the Pandya dynasty's administration and grants. 4. The royal secretariat of the Pandya kingdom was known as Eluttu – Mandapam. …
1. A Muslim state subordinate to Delhi Sultan was in Madurai.
1. A Muslim state subordinate to Delhi Sultan was in Madurai. True. The Madurai Sultanate was established in the 14th century and was initially subordinate to the Delhi Sultanate before gaining independence. 2. Koodal – Nagar Kavalan was the title of a Pandya king. True. This title signifies the Pandya king as the protector of Madurai, also known as Koodal Nagar. 3. Chola kingdom was situated in the Vaigai delta. False. The Chola kingdom was primarily situated in the Kaveri delta region, which was known for its fertile lands and extensive irrigation systems. …
2-Mark Questions
Arrange the following administrative divisions in descending order. 1) Nadu 2) Mandalam 3) Ur 4) Kurram
The administrative divisions of the Chola empire in descending order of size and hierarchy are as follows: Mandalam was the largest division, followed by Nadu, then Kurram, and finally Ur which was the smallest unit. This hierarchical structure allowed for efficient administration across the vast Chola empire, with each level having specific administrative and revenue functions. The Mandalam encompassed multiple Nadus, each Nadu contained several Kurrams, and each Kurram consisted of multiple Urs or villages.
What were the items exported during the later Chola period?
The Later Chola period was marked by extensive maritime and overland trade. The items exported during this period included sandalwood, ebony, condiments, precious gems, pepper, oil, paddy, grains, and salt. These exports were highly valued in international markets, particularly in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and beyond. The spice trade, especially in pepper and other condiments, was particularly significant and contributed substantially to the wealth and prosperity of the Chola empire. …
What was called Chatur-Vedi-Mangalam?
Chatur-Vedi-Mangalam, also known simply as Mangalam, referred to Brahmin settlements that were established by kings and local chiefs in the Chola empire. These settlements were created with the specific purpose of promoting learning and preserving Vedic knowledge and culture. The settlements were provided with irrigation facilities to ensure agricultural prosperity and self-sufficiency. The term Chatur-Vedi refers to the four Vedas, indicating that these settlements were centers of Vedic learning and scholarship. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Who revived the later Chola dynasty?
: a) Vijayalaya
Ch 9Population and Settlement
5-Mark Questions
1. The Bushmen is found mainly in …………………………desert in South Africa.
The Bushmen are found mainly in the Kalahari desert in South Africa. A linguistic stock is a group of languages sharing common features and origin. In urban settlements, where most of the people are engaged in secondary and tertiary activities, the economy is based on industries, services, and commerce rather than agriculture. Satellite towns are generally located outside the rural-urban fringe and develop as extensions of major cities to accommodate overflow population and economic activities. …
1. Population Geography is a study of …………………………….
demography 2. The study of movements and mobility of the population is ……………………………. migration 3. Human racial types are based on …………………………….traits. visual 4. Causasoid race is found in ……………………………. Eurasia 5. …………………………….is a Tribal/Traditional religion. Shamanism 6. …………………………….is the place of worship of Jainism. Basadi7. The worship place of Judaism is ……………………………. 8. There are ………………………………..major languages in India. 22 9. 11th July is …………………………….Day. 3rd Sunday in January 10. …………………is an International Mother Language day 21st February 11. …………… is celebrated World Religious day. …
2-Mark Questions
1. Fishing, Lumbering, Agriculture, Banking 2. Himalayas, Alps, Rocky, Ganga 3. Chennai, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Kanchipuram
What is the classification of Races?
The classification of human races is based on physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, facial features, and body structure. The major classification of human races includes four main categories: Caucasoid, found primarily in Europe and characterized by fair skin and straight hair; Negroid, found mainly in Africa with dark skin and wooly hair; Mongoloid, found in Asia and Arctic regions with light yellow to brown skin and straight hair; and Australoid, found in Australia with dark skin and distinctive features. …
Define settlement.
A settlement is a place where people live and interact through various activities such as agriculture, trading, manufacturing, and entertainment. Settlements are established in locations that provide access to essential resources like water, fertile land, and suitable climate. They range from small hamlets and villages in rural areas to large cities in urban regions. Settlements develop based on the availability of natural resources, proximity to transportation routes, and economic opportunities. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Caucasoid race is also known as race……………………………..
a) European
Ch 10The Delhi Sultanate
5-Mark Questions
Write a note on Chahalgani.
Chahalgani, also known as the Forty, was a Turkish military and administrative institution organized by Iltutmish, the third Sultan of Delhi. It consisted of a select group of forty nobles and military commanders who were chosen for their loyalty and military prowess. Iltutmish established this organization as a strategic measure to consolidate his power and counter the threat posed by Mongol invasions from Central Asia. …
List out the contributions of Firoz Shah Tughluq.
Firoz Shah Tughluq was one of the most notable rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, known for his numerous contributions to the welfare of his subjects and the development of the kingdom. He created various charities and welfare institutions specifically designed to help poor Muslims, reflecting his commitment to social welfare. In the field of architecture and public infrastructure, he built numerous mosques, colleges, and hospitals throughout his kingdom, which served both religious and educational purposes. …
2-Mark Questions
Name the land granted to army officials in lieu of a regular wage.
Iqta was the land granted to army officials in lieu of a regular wage. This system was an important feature of the Delhi Sultanate's administrative and military structure, allowing the sultanate to maintain a standing army without having to pay regular salaries in cash. The officials who received iqta were called iqtadars, and they were responsible for collecting taxes from the land and maintaining order in their assigned territories. In return for this privilege, they were expected to provide military service and maintain a certain number of armed soldiers ready for the sultan's campaigns.
Who founded the city of Agra?
Sikandar Lodi founded the city of Agra. He established this city as an important administrative and strategic center during his reign as the Sultan of Delhi. Agra later became one of the most significant cities in India and served as a capital for subsequent rulers, most notably during the Mughal Empire when it became famous as the seat of power and the location of magnificent monuments like the Taj Mahal.
Name the ruler who established Muslim rule in India in 12th century A.D. (CE).
Muhammad Ghori established Muslim rule in India in the 12th century A.D. (CE). He was a Central Asian ruler who launched military campaigns into northern India and defeated various Hindu kingdoms. His victories, particularly against the Rajput rulers, laid the foundation for the establishment of Muslim political authority in the Indian subcontinent. Although Muhammad Ghori himself did not establish a permanent sultanate in India, his conquests paved the way for his successors and generals, particularly Qutb-ud-din Aibak, to establish the Delhi Sultanate, which became the first major Muslim kin …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
………… laid the foundation of the ‘Mamluk’ dynasty.
c) Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Ch 11Resources
5-Mark Questions
1. ……………….. is the largest producer of hydroelectricity.
1. China is the largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world, utilizing its abundant water resources and river systems to generate significant amounts of electrical power. 2. Iron ores are found at Kanjamalai in Tamil Nadu, which is an important source of this valuable metallic mineral. 3. Aluminum is produced from bauxite ore through an industrial refining process, making bauxite the primary source of this widely used metal. 4. Manganese is used in making electrical batteries and serves various other industrial purposes due to its chemical properties. 5. …
1. …………….. energy is not harmful to the environment.
Solar 2. Hydroelectricity is generated from…………………water. moving 3. ………………..resources that are once consumed and cannot be replaced. Non – renewable 4. ………………..is the world’s number one country in the production of copper. Chile5. ………………..is a rare and precious metal. Gold 6. …………….. field is one of the deepest mines of the world located in India. Kolar Gold 7. ………………… is the world’s leading bauxite producer. Australia 8. …………………is the world’s leading producer of manganese. South Africa 9. …………………and…………………are the common ores of mica. Muscovite and Biotite10. …
2-Mark Questions
Define Resource.
A resource is anything from the environment that can be used to satisfy human needs and wants. Resources include both living and non-living things that provide us with food, clothing, shelter, energy, and materials for various purposes. They are the foundation of human survival and economic development, and their wise management is essential for sustainable development.
What are the major utilizers of solar energy in the world?
India, China, Japan, Italy, and the United States of America are among the leading countries in the utilization of solar energy globally. These nations have invested significantly in solar power technologies, including solar panels for electricity generation and solar water heaters, to meet their energy demands and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Their geographical locations often provide ample sunlight, making solar energy a viable and increasingly popular renewable resource for both industrial and domestic use.
Name the types of coal-based carbon content.
Coal is classified into four types based on its carbon content. These types are Anthracite, which has the highest carbon content and is the best quality coal; Bituminous, which has moderate carbon content and is widely used; Lignite, which has lower carbon content; and Peat, which has the lowest carbon content and is the least developed form of coal. This classification helps determine the quality and efficiency of coal for various industrial and energy purposes.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Which one of the following is renewable resource?
d) Solar energy
Ch 12State Government
5-Mark Questions
1. The Governor is appointed by the ……………..
President of India. The Governor acts as the constitutional head of the state, representing the Union government and ensuring that the state administration is carried out in accordance with the Constitution.
2. The leader of the majority party in the State Assembly is appointed as the ……………..
Chief Minister. The Chief Minister is the head of the state government and is responsible for its day-to-day functioning and policy implementation.
2-Mark Questions
Who are called oppositions?
The parties which get the total number of seats next to the majority party in the State Legislative Assembly are called the opposition parties. These are the elected representatives who do not belong to the ruling party or the party in power. The opposition parties play an important role in a democratic system by scrutinizing the policies and actions of the government, raising concerns about public issues, and providing alternative viewpoints in the legislature.
Write a note on Lok Adalat.
Lok Adalat is the people's court established by the Government of India to settle disputes and resolve conflicts through conciliation and compromise rather than through formal court proceedings. It provides an alternative dispute resolution mechanism that is faster, cheaper, and more accessible to common people. Lok Adalats handle cases related to consumer disputes, labour matters, matrimonial issues, and other civil matters. The proceedings are informal and aim to bring about mutual agreement between the disputing parties with the help of a neutral mediator or judge. …
Who appoints the Chief Minister and other Ministers?
The Governor appoints the Chief Minister and other Ministers of the state. The Governor invites the leader of the majority party in the State Legislative Assembly to become the Chief Minister. After the Chief Minister is appointed, the Governor appoints other ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister to form the Council of Ministers.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
What is the minimum age for becoming a member of the State Legislative Council?
c) 25 Years
Ch 13Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdoms
5-Mark Questions
1. ………..was the capital of the Aravidu dynasty.
1. Penukonda was the capital of the Aravidu dynasty, which was the fourth and last dynasty to rule the Vijayanagara Empire. After the Battle of Talikota in 1565, the capital shifted from Vijayanagara to Penukonda. 2. Vijayanagar emperors issued a large number of gold coins called Varahas. These coins were an important part of the empire's economy and featured various deities and symbols, reflecting the religious and cultural aspects of the time. 3. Mahmud Gawan, the influential prime minister of the Bahmani Kingdom, used Persian chemists to teach the preparation and use of gunpowder. …
The four dynasties of the Vijayanagara kingdom with reference to prominent rulers of each dynasty.
The four dynasties of the Vijayanagar kingdom, each with prominent rulers, are as follows. The Sangama Dynasty, the first and founding dynasty, had Devaraya II as one of its most prominent rulers who expanded the empire's territories. The Saluva Dynasty, the second dynasty, was established by Saluva Narasimha, who played a crucial role in the political transitions of the empire. The Tuluva Dynasty, the third dynasty, produced Krishnadevaraya, the most illustrious ruler of the entire Vijayanagar empire, known for his military prowess, administrative reforms, and cultural patronage. …
2-Mark Questions
The five independent kingdoms of Deccan Sultanate.
The five independent kingdoms of the Deccan Sultanate were Bidar, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Berar, and Golconda. These kingdoms emerged after the decline and fragmentation of the Bahmani sultanate in the early sixteenth century and became powerful sultanates in their own right, each controlling significant territories and resources in the Deccan region.
The educational reforms of Ala-ud-din Hasan Shah.
Ala-ud-din Hasan Shah, an important ruler of the Bahmani sultanate, implemented significant educational reforms to strengthen the state. He took special care in founding a school to educate his own sons in the principles of governance and statecraft. Additionally, he opened institutions for the children of noble families to impart training in the art of soldiery and military skills. These educational initiatives were aimed at creating a well-trained administrative and military class that could effectively serve the sultanate and maintain its power and stability.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Who was the greatest ruler of Sangama Dynasty?
b). Devaraya II
Ch 14Media and Democracy
5-Mark Questions
1. ……………………have made the world smaller and closer.
Mass media have made the world smaller and closer by enabling rapid communication and information sharing across vast distances. Every individual person is a medium of personal expression, allowing them to communicate their thoughts and ideas. The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg, revolutionizing the spread of information and knowledge. Mass media is a code of values which govern our lives by shaping our perceptions, beliefs, and understanding of the world around us. …
How does the public get the news about the decision that is taken in the Legislative Assembly?
The public receives news about decisions taken in the Legislative Assembly primarily through various forms of media. Newspapers, television channels, radio broadcasts, and increasingly, digital news platforms and social media, all play a crucial role in disseminating information to the citizens. Journalists attend legislative sessions, report on debates, policy discussions, and the final decisions made by the elected representatives. They also conduct interviews with politicians and experts to provide analysis and different perspectives. …
2-Mark Questions
What is the importance of local media?
Local media is important because it gives special attention to the local problems and issues affecting the public in each locality. Local media focuses on matters that are directly relevant to the community, such as local governance, civic issues, environmental concerns, and community development. By highlighting local problems, local media helps raise awareness among residents and encourages community participation in addressing these issues. Local media also serves as a platform for local voices and concerns that might not receive attention from national media outlets.
State any two responsibilities of media.
Two important responsibilities of media are as follows: First, the media has a massive responsibility in providing accurate and factual information to the public. It must ensure that the news and information it disseminates are truthful, verified, and presented without bias or distortion. Second, the media should help people to express their opinions on important social issues by providing platforms and forums for public discourse. …
Why Print Media referred to as People’s University?
Print media is referred to as People's University because it performs multiple important roles in society that are similar to the functions of a university. Print media acts as a public informer by providing citizens with news, information, and knowledge about events happening in their locality, country, and the world. It educates the general public on various subjects including science, history, culture, health, and social issues, making knowledge accessible to all sections of society regardless of their formal education level. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Which one of the following comes under print media?
c) Newspaper
Ch 15The Mughal Empire
5-Mark Questions
1. ………………was the name of the horse of Rana Pratap.
Chetak was the name of the horse of Rana Pratap, famous for its loyalty and bravery in battle. Ibadat Khana was a hall at Fatehpur Sikri where scholars of all religions met for discourse and intellectual discussion, reflecting Akbar's policy of religious tolerance. Salim Chishti was the Sufi saint who received Akbar's utmost respect and whose shrine at Fatehpur Sikri became an important pilgrimage site. During the reign of Shahjahan, the Zabti system was extended to the Deccan provinces, representing an important administrative development in Mughal governance. …
1. Babur inherited Farghana, a small kingdom in Central Asia.
1. Babur inherited Farghana, a small kingdom in Central Asia - True. Babur was born in Farghana and inherited this kingdom from his father. 2. Humayun succeeded in recapturing Delhi in 1565 - False. Humayun recaptured Delhi in 1555, not 1565. He died shortly after recapturing the throne. 3. Aurangzeb married a girl of a notable Rajput family - False. Aurangzeb did marry into Rajput families through political alliances, but this statement as presented is not accurate in its general form. 4. Jahangir ordered the execution of Sikh leader Guru Arjun for helping his son Khusrau - True. …
2-Mark Questions
Arrange the battles in chronological order. i) Battle of Khanwa ii) Battle of Chausa iii) Battle of Kanauj iv) Battle of Chanderi
The correct chronological order of these battles is i) Battle of Chanderi, ii) Battle of Khanwa, iii) Battle of Chausa, and iv) Battle of Kanauj. The Battle of Chanderi was fought in 1528 when Babur defeated the Rajput rulers. The Battle of Khanwa followed in 1527 when Babur defeated Rana Sanga and the Rajput confederacy. The Battle of Chausa occurred in 1539 when Sher Shah defeated Humayun. The Battle of Kanauj took place in 1540 when Sher Shah again defeated Humayun, forcing him to flee India. Therefore, the correct sequence is i), iv), ii), iii).
Arrange the following administrative divisions in descending order I) Sarkars II) Parganas III) Subhas
The administrative divisions of the Mughal Empire in descending order of size and hierarchy are III) Subhas, I) Sarkars, and II) Parganas. A Subha was the largest administrative unit, similar to a province or region. Below the Subha came the Sarkar, which was a district-level division. The Pargana was the smallest administrative unit, comprising several villages. This hierarchical structure allowed the Mughal emperors to effectively govern their vast empire through a well-organized administrative system.
Mention did Humayun recapture the Delhi throne in 1555?
Humayun recaptured the Delhi throne in 1555 with the crucial military and political support of Shah Tahmasp, the ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Persia. After being defeated by Sher Shah Suri and forced to flee India, Humayun sought refuge in Persia where he was welcomed by Shah Tahmasp. The Persian ruler provided Humayun with military assistance and resources necessary to mount a campaign to reclaim his throne. With this Persian support, Humayun was able to gather forces and march back into India. He successfully defeated the Sur dynasty forces and recaptured Delhi, restoring Mughal rule. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Who introduced the Persian style of architecture in India?
b) Babur
Ch 16Tourism
5-Mark Questions
1. The three main components of tourism together known as …………………………….
A3 concept2. Gastronomy refers to an aspect of …………….tourism. cultural 3. Suruli falls is also called as……………….. Cloudland falls / Meghamalai Falls 4. The second largest urban beach is Marina Beach, Chennai 5. Expansion of TAAI Travel Agents Association of India
1. The word ‘Tourist’ is derived from ……………..
Tourian 2. …………….. tourism is for a fun activity. Recreation3. The Indian subcontinent has …………….. principal mountain ranges. Seven 4. Gangtok is in the state of …………….. Sikkim 5. Tamil Nadu is popularly known as the land of …………….. Temples 6. There are around …………….. ancient temples in Tamil Nadu. 33,0007. Ooty is called as …………….. Queen of Hills 8. In Tamil Nadu …………….. of the land comprises of thick forests. 17.6% 9. The total area of Tamilnadu is …………….. 130, 058 Sqkm 10. The poor man’s Ooty is …………….. Yercaud 11. Velliangiri Hills is known as …………….. Kailash of the south. 12. …
2-Mark Questions
1. Transport, Attraction, Accommodation, Amenities 2. Nainital, Shillong, Munnar, Digha 3. Corbett, Sundarbans, Periyar, Mayani 4. Hogenakal, Kumbakkarai, Suruli, Kalakad 5. Rishikesh, Ladakh, Gulmarg, Kotagiri
Write a short note on Eco-Tourism.
Ecotourism is travel to destinations where plants and animals thrive in a naturally preserved environment. It emphasizes responsible and sustainable tourism that minimizes environmental impact while supporting conservation efforts. Ecotourism destinations are typically natural areas such as rainforests, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and protected ecosystems. Examples include the Amazon rainforest and African forest safaris, where visitors can observe wildlife and natural landscapes in their pristine state. …
What are the basic elements of Tourism?
The basic elements of tourism that attract visitors to a destination are pleasant weather, scenic beauty, and historical and cultural monuments. Pleasant weather ensures comfortable travel conditions and enjoyable outdoor activities for tourists. Scenic beauty encompasses natural landscapes such as mountains, valleys, forests, beaches, and waterfalls that provide visual appeal and recreational opportunities. Historical and cultural monuments include ancient temples, forts, palaces, archaeological sites, and other structures that reflect the heritage and cultural identity of a region. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
The oldest type of tourism is …………………
a) Religious
Ch 17Rise of Marathas and Peshwas
5-Mark Questions
1. The spread of the …………….. movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people to develop consciousness and oneness.
Bhakti 2. …………… was the key official of the revenue administration of Peshwa. Kamavisdar3. The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at ………………. in 1761. Panipat 4. ……………… was the foreign minister in the Ashtapradhan. Sumant / Dubeer 5. Shambhuji succeeded Shivaji after a succession tussle with ……………….. Anaji Datto
1. The rocky and mountainous terrain gave protection to the Marathas from invaders.
1. The rocky and mountainous terrain gave protection to the Marathas from invaders. True. The Deccan's difficult geography provided natural fortifications that helped the Marathas defend their territories against larger armies. 2. Hymns composed in Sanskrit by the Bhakti saints were sung by people of all castes and classes. False. The Bhakti saints composed devotional hymns in regional languages, not Sanskrit, which made them accessible to common people of all castes and classes. 3. Shivaji captured Puranthar from the Mughals. True. …
2-Mark Questions
The Bhakti Movement in Maharastra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness
True
The forces of Shivaji Plundered Surat in 1674.
False
Find out the wrong pair 1. Gaikwad – Baroda 2. Peshwa – Nagpur 3. Holkar – Indore 4. Shinde – Gwalior
2. Peshwa – Nagpur
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
1. Who was the teacher and guardian of Shivaji?
a) Dadaji Kondadev
Ch 18Exploring Continents
5-Mark Questions
1. ………………….. 86 m below the sea level is the lowest part of the continent of North America.
Death valley 2. ………………….. is one of the world’s best fishing grounds. Grand bank3. The highest peak in the Andes is ………………….. on the Chile – Argentina border. Mount Aconcagua 4. ………………….. of the equatorial regions are called the “lungs of the world”. The selvas 5. …………………. is also known as the “coffee pot” of the world. Minas Gersals and Sao paulo
1. ………………….. is a narrow stretch of land joining two large landmasses.
Isthmus 2. …………………..is a narrow stretch of water joining two large water bodies. Strait 3. The Rockies and the Coast Range are together called the ………………….. Western Cordilleras4. The Mississippi and Missouri rivers are the longest rivers in ………………….. North America 5. ………………….. erodes a lot of sand and mud as it rushes down the Mountains. The Big Muddy 6. Both Canada and the USA are the major exporter of ………………….. than the other countries of the world. wheat 7. Barley and Oats is used as ………………….. cattle fodder 8. ………………….. is used for extraction of edible oil. Soya beans9. …
2-Mark Questions
The United States of America is known as “Melting Pot”.
The United States of America is known as a 'Melting Pot' because it is a country where hundreds of different cultures, ethnic groups, and communities from around the world have come together, blended, and created a new unified culture. People from diverse backgrounds, religions, languages, and traditions have immigrated to the USA and integrated into American society, contributing their unique customs, values, and practices to form a distinctive American identity that is a fusion of many different cultural influences.
Write a note on Mackenzie River.
The Mackenzie River is the second-largest drainage basin in North America. It originates from Great Slave Lake in northwestern Canada and flows northward through the Northwest Territories. The river drains into the Arctic Ocean, making it one of the major river systems that connect the interior of North America to the Arctic waters. The Mackenzie River system is significant for the region's geography, ecology, and has historically been important for transportation and trade in northern Canada.
What type of fruits are cultivated in North America? Name some of them.
North America is known for the cultivation of various types of fruits suited to its diverse climates. The important fruits cultivated in North America include cranberries, blueberries, Concord grapes, strawberries, and gooseberries. Additionally, other fruits such as apples, oranges, peaches, and various citrus fruits are grown in different regions depending on the local climate and soil conditions. The temperate and subtropical regions of North America provide ideal conditions for fruit cultivation, making it a major fruit-producing region.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
The ………………….. separates North America from Asia.
a) Bering Strait
Ch 19New Religious Ideas and Movements
5-Mark Questions
1. Periyazhwar was earlier known as ……………………
1. Periyazhwar was earlier known as Vishnu Chittar. He was one of the twelve Azhwars, who are revered poet-saints in the Vaishnavite tradition of South India, known for their devotional hymns in praise of Vishnu. 2. Guru Granth Sahib is the holy book of the Sikhs. It is a voluminous sacred scripture considered the living Guru by Sikhs, containing hymns and teachings of the Sikh Gurus and other saints. 3. Meerabai was the disciple of Ravidas. She was a 16th-century Hindu mystic poet and devotee of Krishna, whose devotional songs are popular throughout India. …
1. …………….. were of the view that this type of meditation would enable the devotee to understand the true nature of God.
Sufis 2. …………….is based on Vishnu’s avatars, particularly Krishna and Rama. Vishnu-bhakti 3. Nammazhwar’s fame lies in his……………..stanza Thiruvaimozhi. 1,102 4. The Thiruppavai and the Nachiyar Thirumozhiare are …………….. celebrated works. A war 5. ……………..is said to have compiled the songs of all of the Nayanmars. Nambi Andar Nambi 6. ……………..is a fundamental text of the Vedanta school. Brahma-sutra7. …………….. center of learning were Badrinath, Puri, Dwarka, and Sringeri. Adi Shankara 8. …………….., Ramanajun was the most influential thinker. Vaishnava saint 9. …
2-Mark Questions
1. Andal – Srivilliputhur 2. Tukaram – Bengal 3. Chaitanyadeva – Maharashtra 4. Brahma-sutra – Vallabacharya 5. Gurudwaras – Sikhs
The correct matching is as follows: Andal is associated with Srivilliputhur, the temple town in Tamil Nadu where she grew up and became known as the only female Azhwar. Tukaram is associated with Maharashtra, where he was a 17th-century saint-poet devoted to Vitthoba worship. Chaitanyadeva is associated with Bengal, where he was a major saint and reformer of the Bhakti movement. Brahma-sutra is associated with Vallabacharya, the philosopher who developed the Shuddhadvaita philosophy. Gurudwaras are associated with the Sikhs, as these are the places of worship in Sikhism.
How many Nayanmars were there and who were prominent among them?
There are 63 legendary Nayanmars. Among them, Gnanasampandar, Appar, and Sundarar (often called “the trio”) are worshipped as saints through their images in South Indian temples.
How did Gurunanak help to found Sikhism?
Guru Nanak helped to found Sikhism by establishing a new religious movement that combined elements of Hinduism and Islam while creating a distinct faith with its own principles and practices. He preached the concept of one God and rejected the caste system and ritualistic practices of both religions. Guru Nanak established the tradition of Gurus as spiritual leaders and nominated his disciple Lehna to succeed him as the second Guru. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Who of the following composed songs on Krishna putting himself in the place of mother Yashoda?
b) Periyazhwar
Ch 20Tax and its Importance
5-Mark Questions
1. ………………. is a term for when a taxing authority usually a government levies or imposes a tax.
1. Taxation is a term for when a taxing authority, usually a government, levies or imposes a tax. Taxation is the process by which governments collect money from individuals and businesses to fund public services and expenditures. This revenue is crucial for the functioning of a state, enabling it to provide essential services like infrastructure, education, healthcare, and defense. 2. Proportional Taxation is the method where the rate of tax is the same regardless of the size of the income. …
1. …………………..is the government should impose taxes in such a way that people have to pay according to their ability.
Canon of Equality 2. …………………. is the taxes should be levied and collected in such a manner that it provides a maximum of convenience to the taxpayers. Canon of Convenience3. …………………. is the minimum possible money should be spent in the collection of taxes. Canon of Economy 4. …………………. could be one of the most deserving recipients of tax money. Education 5. A …………….is paid directly by an individual or organisation to imposing entity. Direct tax 6. The central Board of Revenue act implemented in the year. 1963 7. The tax is levied on the profit of corporations and companies is Corporation Tax8. …
2-Mark Questions
Define tax.
Tax is a compulsory payment made by individuals and organizations to the government without any expectation of direct return or benefit to the taxpayers. It is a mandatory financial contribution that citizens and businesses must pay to support the functioning of the state and the provision of public services and infrastructure.
Why taxes are imposed?
Taxes are imposed because the government needs to generate revenue to perform various essential functions for the welfare and development of society. The government uses tax revenue to build and maintain infrastructure, provide public services such as education and healthcare, maintain law and order, and support social welfare programs. Taxation is the main and most reliable source of revenue for the government to carry out these important functions and responsibilities.
Write the name of taxation types and draw its diagram.
There are three types of Taxation: Proportional Tax Progressive Tax Regressive Tax.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Taxes are ………………. payment.
b) Compulsory
Ch 21Women Empowerment
5-Mark Questions
1. Jyotirao Phule is remembered as the champion of women’s education in India. He, along with his wife ………….., opened the first school for girls in 1848.
Jyotirao Phule is remembered as the champion of women's education in India. He, along with his wife Savitribai Phule, opened the first school for girls in 1848. Savitribai Phule was a tradition breaker and became the first female teacher at this girls' school, playing a crucial role in advancing women's education during a time when such opportunities were extremely limited. Sushma Swaraj is the first woman to hold a Union Foreign Minister's post, serving as India's External Affairs Minister. …
What is gender equality?
Gender equality is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making in all spheres of life. It encompasses the principle that both men and women should have equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities in education, employment, politics, and social matters. Gender equality also involves the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, regardless of gender, recognizing that individuals have diverse talents and capabilities that should not be limited by gender stereotypes. …
2-Mark Questions
Discuss various roles played by women in Society.
Women play diverse and essential roles in society that contribute significantly to its functioning and progress. As daughters, women carry forward family traditions and values while contributing to household responsibilities. As students, they acquire knowledge and skills that enable them to participate fully in economic and social life. As life partners, women provide emotional support, companionship, and contribute to family stability and growth. As mothers, they nurture the next generation, instilling values and education that shape society's future. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of gender inequality?
c) The spread of HIV/AIDS
Ch 22Art and Architecture of Tamil Nadu
5-Mark Questions
1. …………………. was the first rock-cut cave temple built by the Pallava king Mahendravarman.
Mandagapattu was the first rock-cut cave temple built by the Pallava king Mahendravarman, marking the beginning of Pallava architectural innovation in Tamil Nadu. The early Chola architecture followed the style of Sembian Mahadevi, a queen who was a patron of arts and architecture during the Chola period. The most celebrated mandapam in the Madurai Meenakshiamman temple is the Pudumandapam, which is renowned for its intricate carvings and architectural beauty. …
1. The ……………… epoch witnessed a transition from rock-cut to free-standing temples.
Pallava2. Mandagapattu temple was the first rock-cut temple built by ………………. Mahendravarman 3. TheKanchi ………………was built by the Pallava king, Rajasimha. Kailasanatha Temple 4. The monolithic sculpture made at Mahabalipuram is ……………… Pancha Pandava Rathas. 5. The Mamallapuram monuments and temples were notified as a ……………… in 1984. UNESCO6. Early Pandyas were the contemporaries of the ……………… Pallavas 7. The Vettuvankoil, a monolithic temple at ………………, is hewn out of a huge boulder on four sides. Kazhugumalai 8. Many early Pandya images are unearthed now in ……………… museum at Madurai. …
2-Mark Questions
1. Krishnapuram Temple – Tirunelveli 2. Kudalazhagar Temple – Azhwar Tirunagari 3. Sethupathis – Feudatories of Madurai Nayaks 4. Jalagandeshwara temple – Vellore
Kudalazhagar Temple in Azhwar Tirunagari is an important temple that reflects the architectural and religious traditions of Tamil Nadu. This temple is known for its religious significance and architectural features that represent the cultural heritage of the region. The temple showcases the artistic and devotional aspects of Tamil Nadu's temple architecture and continues to be an important pilgrimage site for devotees.
Find out the correct statement/s: 1. The Arjuna’s Penance is carved out of a granite boulder. 2. Meenakshi Amman temple in Madurai represents Pallava’s architectural style. 3. The cave temple at Pillayarpatti is a contribution of Later Pandyas. 4. The Sethupathis as feudatories of Madurai Nayaks contributed to Madurai Meenakshiamman Temple.
1. The Arjuna’s Penance is carved out of a granite boulder. 3. The cave temple at Pillayarpatti is a contribution of Later Pandyas.
Find out the correct statement/s. 1. In Dharasuaram near Kumbakonam Vyayanagar King’s temple is situated. 2. Rock-cut and structural temples are significant part of Pandya architecture. 3. The maturity attained by Pallava’s architecture is reflected in the two magnificent temples of Thanjavur and Gangai Konda Cholapuram. 4. The Temple at Dadapuram, near Tindivanam in Tamilnadu is worth mentioning of Later Chola Epoch.
2. Rock-cut and structural temples are significant part of Pandya architecture.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Which is the oldest structural temple in south India?
a) Shore Temple
Ch 23Map Reading
5-Mark Questions
1. ………………….. is an essential tool of a geographer.
Map 2. The directions in between the cardinal directions are the inter mediate ………………….. directions 3. …………………..in a map which explains the different colours and symbols used in it. Legand 4. Cadastral maps are known as ………………….. Village and Town Maps 5. Small scale maps are helpful to us to show large areas like ………………….. and ………………….. Continents, Countries
1. A ……………………. is an essential tool of a geographer.
Map 2. ………………….. show small areas in greater details because they are drawn on a relatively large scale. Large scale maps3. …………………..are village and town maps. Cadastral maps 4. ………………….. shows smaller areas in much greater details about a small area. Topographical maps 5. …………………. that show large areas like continent or countries. Small scale maps6. ………………….. are small-scale maps showing large areas. Wall maps 7. …………………..is a collection of maps in a book. Atlas 8. ………………….. is a web-based service that provides detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world. …
2-Mark Questions
1. North East, Scale, North West and East. 2. White, Snow, High land, and Plains. 3. Relief map, Soil map, Physical map and Atlas. 4. Weather Forecasting, Climate, Rainfall and Temperature.
What are the cardinal directions?
The cardinal directions are the four main directions used to locate places on maps and in navigation. These are North and South, which run along the Earth's axis from the North Pole to the South Pole, and East and West, which are perpendicular to them. North is typically shown at the top of a map, South at the bottom, East on the right side, and West on the left side. These cardinal directions form the basis of the compass and are essential for reading maps accurately and determining the location and orientation of geographical features.
Name the types of Atlas.
An atlas is a collection of maps bound together in a book form. There are several types of atlases based on their scope and purpose. A School Atlas contains maps suitable for educational purposes and is designed for students to learn basic geography. An Advanced Atlas provides more detailed and comprehensive maps for higher-level study. A Regional Atlas focuses on maps of a specific region or area, showing detailed information about that particular region. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
The science of map making is called …………………..
b) Cartography
Ch 24Market and Consumer Protection
5-Mark Questions
1. A set up where two or more parties engage in …………… of goods, services and information is called a market.
A set up where two or more parties engage in buying and selling of goods, services and information is called a market. In regulated markets, there is some oversight by appropriate government authorities to ensure fair practices and protect consumers. Monopoly refers to a market structure in which there is a single producer or seller that has control on the entire market, limiting consumer choice and competition. The Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) statute is regarded as the 'Magna Carta' in the field of consumer protection for checking unfair trade practices. …
1. In …………., the buyers and sellers are limited to the local region or area.
Local Markets 2. …………….. covers a wider area than local markets like a district, or a cluster of few smaller states. Regional Markets 3. ………….. is the demand for the goods is limited to one specific country. National Market4. When the demand for the product is international and the goods are also traded internationally in bulk quantities, is called as …………….. international market 5. There is no system of credit in ……………… Spot market 6. ……………….. is a highly regulated market Regulated Market 7. …………….. refers to a market structure. Monopoly8. …
2-Mark Questions
Write the rules of Unfair Trade Practice.
Unfair trade practices are deceptive and unethical business practices that harm consumers. The rules of unfair trade practice include the following: Goods once sold will not be taken back, meaning sellers often refuse to accept returned merchandise even if it is defective or unsatisfactory. No exchange is allowed, preventing consumers from exchanging products they are dissatisfied with for alternative items. No refund under any circumstances is a common unfair practice where sellers refuse to return money to consumers even when products are faulty or do not meet advertised standards. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
In which case a consumer cannot complain against the manufacturer for a defective product?
c) Batch number of the commodity
Ch 25Natural Hazards
5-Mark Questions
1. A hazard is a ……………….. event that can causes harm or damage to human and their property.
1. A hazard is a disaster event that can cause harm or damage to humans and their property. Hazards are potential sources of danger that, if realized, can lead to significant negative consequences. 2. Activities taken during a disaster are called Response. Disaster response involves immediate actions taken during and immediately after a disaster to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic subsistence needs of those affected. 3. Displacement of water can produce one or more huge destructive waves known as Tsunami. …
1. Generally, a hazard is a …………………..
dangerous phenomenon 2. A ………………….. (or) trembling of the earth crust is called as earthquake. sudden movement 3. Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges, and dams are damaged are called ………………….. Hazards 4. ………………….. is a natural hazard. It develops at sea. Hurricane 5. ………………….. means harbor waves. Tsunami6. The term………….. is a sudden rush of a crowd of people. stampede 7. ………………….. is a disaster. Fire 8. ………………….. refers to the “real-time event of a hazard occurrence and affecting elements at risk. Disaster Impact 9. ………………….. …
2-Mark Questions
What are the 4 concepts of the Disaster management cycle?
The four main concepts of the Disaster Management Cycle are Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, and Response, along with Recovery and Rehabilitation. Prevention involves taking measures to avoid or reduce the occurrence of disasters. Mitigation focuses on reducing the severity and impact of disasters that cannot be prevented. Preparedness includes planning and training to respond effectively when disasters occur. Response refers to immediate actions taken during and immediately after a disaster to save lives and minimize damage. …
Write about any three effects of the flood.
Floods have several devastating effects on human populations and the environment. Loss of life and property occurs as floodwaters sweep away homes, infrastructure, crops, and livestock, causing immediate destruction and economic losses. Displacement of people is a major consequence as families are forced to leave their homes and communities, often becoming refugees in temporary shelters for extended periods. …
Give any four Rail safety tips.
Important rail safety tips include the following precautions. Stay alert and remain aware of your surroundings at all times while near railway tracks or platforms, as trains can approach suddenly. Train scans come from either direction at any time, so never assume a track is safe based on one direction. Never sit on the edge of the Station Platform as you risk falling onto the tracks or being struck by a passing train. Cross the tracks safely by using designated pedestrian crossings and bridges rather than attempting to cross directly on the tracks. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
………………………. is a event which causes enormous physical damage to property, loss of life and change in the environment.
b) Disaster
Ch 26Road Safety
5-Mark Questions
1. The most useful invention of man for transport is ………………….
The wheel is considered the most useful invention of man for transport as it revolutionized the movement of goods and people across distances. Using a helmet is inevitable in our journey of life, particularly when riding motorcycles or bicycles, as it protects the head from serious injuries during accidents. Too many vehicles on the road cause air pollution and noise pollution, which harm both human health and the environment. The breadwinner is the monetary supporter of a family who earns income to meet the family's needs and expenses. …
1. Accident occurs to the ……………….. of the driver, engaging in any other activity while driving.
distraction2. ……………….. is a major traffic violation of rules. Reckless driving 3. Increase of ……………….. on the road create a heavy traffic jam and cause more pollution. vehicles 4. Impatience of ……………….. and violation of traffic rules result in accidents. Pedestrians 5. Avoiding the use of ……………….. for two-wheelers lead to unwanted happenings. helmets 6. ……………….. is a device capable of automatic crash detection. Raksha safe drive 7. ……………….. will reduce the number of vehicles on the road. Carpooling 8. Parents and Teachers play a vital role in imparting road safety Education ……………….. …
2-Mark Questions
Mention the 2 safety gears for safe driving.
Two important safety gears for safe driving are obeying traffic rules and signs, which ensure orderly movement of vehicles and protect all road users from accidents. Keeping the vehicle fit and well-maintained is another crucial safety measure, as a properly maintained vehicle with functioning brakes, lights, tires, and steering systems reduces the risk of mechanical failures that could cause accidents on the road.
Why is not safe to drive at night?
Driving at night is not safe because extra alertness and concentration are required, which becomes difficult after long hours of driving. Uncontrolled sleep and tiredness due to prolonged driving reduce the driver's ability to react quickly to hazards and obstacles on the road. Poor lighting on roads at night reduces visibility, making it difficult to see pedestrians, animals, or other vehicles in time to avoid collisions. …
When can a person obtain the night to drive a vehicle?
According to Indian law, a person can obtain the right to drive a vehicle by acquiring a driving license, which is granted only after meeting specific eligibility criteria. One should be at least eighteen years of age to be eligible to get a driving license in India. Additionally, the person must pass a written test on traffic rules and road safety, undergo a practical driving test to demonstrate competence in vehicle operation, and possess a valid learner's license for a minimum period before applying for a permanent driving license.
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Road safety is meant for
d) all who use roads
Ch 27Sources of Medieval India | Brain Grain (Term 3)
5-Mark Questions
1. The image of………………. is considered to be the tallest Jain image in Tamil Nadu.
1. The image of Neminatha is considered to be the tallest Jain image in Tamil Nadu. Neminatha was the twenty-second Tirthankara in Jainism, and his statues are significant religious artifacts. 2. Buddhacarita was written by Asvaghosa. This epic poem, written in Sanskrit, details the life of Gautama Buddha from his birth to his parinirvana, and is a foundational text in Buddhist literature. 3. Chinese traveller Huein Tsang visited Pallava country in the 7th century. …
1. Mahavira’s preaching was orally transmitted by his ……………………over the course of about one thousand years.
disciples 2. In 1st century B.C., a major split occurred in Jainism namely …………………… and …………………… Digambaras, Svetambaras 3. Agama Sutras have been written in the …………………… Prakrit language. Ardha-magadhi4. The …………………… of Kalpa Sutra is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain. Jainacharitha 5. Another scholarly work in Tamil, ……………………, is also attributed to a Jain monk. Naladiyar 6. Tamils broadly come under ……………………sect. Digambara 7. ……………………flourished during the Pallava reign. Jainism 8. ……………………on the banks of the river Palar. Trilokyanatha Janaswamy temple 9. …
2-Mark Questions
Find out the wrong pair/s 1. Parshvanatha – 22 nd Tirthankara 2. Mahabhasya – the Ceylonese Chroniclei 3. Visuddhimagga – Buddhagosha 4. Buddha – Eight-fold Path
1. Parshvanatha – 22 nd Tirthankara 2. Mahabhasya – the Ceylonese Chroniclei
Make a list of the Five Great Vows of Jainism.
The Five Great Vows of Jainism are fundamental ethical principles that guide the conduct of Jain monks, nuns, and lay followers. The first vow is Ahimsa or Non-violence, which emphasizes the principle of causing no harm to any living being, whether through thought, word, or deed. The second vow is Satya or Truth, which requires absolute honesty and truthfulness in all communications and interactions. The third vow is Asteya or Non-stealing, which prohibits taking anything that has not been freely given. …
1-Mark Questions (MCQ)
Where was the first Jain Council held to codify the Jaina canon?
a) Pataliputra
Frequently asked questions
- 1. Civil equality implies equality of all before ………………….
- 1. Civil equality implies equality of all before law. This means that every individual, regardless of their social status, wealth, or background, is subject to the same laws and legal processes. It ensures that justice is administered impartially and that no one is above the law. 2. The Indian constitution deals with the Right to Equality from Article 14 to Article 18. …
- Why is gender Equality needed?
- Gender equality is essential because historically women have been considered weaker and subordinate to men, with their rights, responsibilities, and opportunities being dependent on male decisions and approval. This discrimination has denied women access to education, employment, property, and political participation. Gender equality is needed to ensure that both men and women have equal rights, equal access to opportunities, equal access to resources, and equal participation in all spheres of life including education, employment, politics, and social decision-making. …
- 1. Rule of law was advocated by Dr. Ambedkar.
- 1. Rule of law was advocated by Dr. Ambedkar. This statement is False. While Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a strong proponent and architect of the Indian Constitution, which enshrines the rule of law, the concept itself was primarily advocated by A.V. Dicey, a British jurist. Dicey's theory of the rule of law emphasizes that no one is above the law and that all individuals are subject to the same legal framework. 2. Article 21 strengthened the equality before the law in the Indian constitution. This statement is False. …
- What are the kinds of Equality?
- There are four main kinds of Equality. Social Equality refers to equal status and treatment of all citizens in society without discrimination based on caste, creed, colour, or race. Civil Equality means equality of all citizens before the law and equal protection of the law without any discrimination. Political Equality includes the right to vote, the right to hold public office, and the right to criticize the government and participate in political processes. …
These important questions are selected from the Samacheer Kalvi Class 7 Social Science textbook book-back exercises to help you revise the most useful questions. Mark weightage (5/2/1) follows the usual exam pattern and may vary by exam — always check your latest syllabus and question pattern. Open each chapter for the complete set of questions and answers.