- (a) Pisciculture
- (b) Sericulture
- (c) Aquaculture
- (d) Monoculture
Answer:
(a) Pisciculture
- (a) Jersey
- (b) Holstein–Friesian
- (c) Sahiwal
- (d) Brown Swiss
Answer:
(c) Sahiwal
- (a) *Apis mellifera*
- (b) *Apis dorsata*
- (c) *Apis florea*
- (d) *Apis cerana*
Answer:
(a) *Apis mellifera*
- (a) Rohu
- (b) Catla
- (c) Mrigal
- (d) Singhara
Answer:
(d) Singhara
- (a) unfertilized eggs
- (b) fertilized eggs
- (c) parthenogenesis
- (d) both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(a) unfertilized eggs
Drones are produced by parthenogenesis.
- (a) Holstein–Friesian
- (b) Dorset
- (c) Sahiwal
- (d) Red Sindhi
Answer:
(a) Holstein–Friesian
- (a) *Apis dorsata*
- (b) *Apis florea*
- (c) *Apis mellifera*
- (d) *Apis indica*
Answer:
(d) *Apis indica*
- (a) Horticulture
- (b) Hydroponics
- (c) Pomology
- (d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Hydroponics
- (a) Lichen
- (b) Rhizobium
- (c) Mycorrhiza
- (d) Azotobacter
Answer:
(c) Mycorrhiza
- (a) Spawn
- (b) Mycelium
- (c) Leaf
- (d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Mycelium
- Quinine is obtained from Cinchona.
- *Carica papaya* leaves are used in dengue treatment support.
- Vermicompost is produced using earthworms and microorganisms.
- Aquaculture includes culture of prawns, pearls and edible oysters.
- Largest member in honey bee colony is the queen bee.
- Formic acid acts as preservative in honey.
- Polyculture means rearing different fish varieties together.
If false, correct the statement.
Answer: False. Correct Statement: Mycorrhiza is not an algae but rather a symbiotic association between a fungus and plant roots. In this mutualistic relationship, the fungal hyphae penetrate the root cells or surround the roots, extending the absorptive surface area and helping the plant absorb water and mineral nutrients, particularly phosphorus, from the soil. In return, the plant provides carbohydrates and organic compounds produced through photosynthesis to the fungus. This association is beneficial for both organisms and is commonly found in most terrestrial plants.
Answer: False. Correct Statement: Milch animals are primarily reared for milk production, not for agriculture and transport. Milch animals such as cows, buffalo, and goats are dairy animals specifically bred and maintained to produce milk and milk products like yogurt, cheese, and butter. While some milch animals may occasionally be used for other purposes, their main economic value and purpose is milk production.
Answer: False. Correct Statement: Apis dorsata is called the rock bee or giant honeybee, not Apis florea. Apis florea is the little honeybee or dwarf honeybee. Apis dorsata is a large wild honeybee species found in Asia that builds large combs on rock cliffs and tree branches, hence the name rock bee. Apis florea, being smaller, builds smaller combs and is found in different habitats.
Answer: False. Correct Statement: Ongole is an indigenous Indian cattle breed, not an exotic breed. Ongole cattle originated in the Ongole region of Andhra Pradesh, India, and are well-adapted to the Indian climate and environmental conditions. They are known for their good milk production, draught capability, and resistance to diseases and heat. Indigenous breeds like Ongole have been developed and selected over generations to suit local conditions, unlike exotic breeds which are introduced from other countries.
Answer: True
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| Lobsters | Shell fish |
| Catla | Fin fish |
| Sea bass | Marine fish |
| Oysters | Pearl |
| Pokkali | Paddy |
| *Pleurotus* spp. | Oyster mushroom |
| Sarpagandha | Reserpine |
| Olericulture | Vegetable farming |
| *Wrightia tinctoria* | Psoriasis |
# (a) Exotic Breed and Indigenous Breed
| Exotic Breed | Indigenous Breed |
|---|---|
| Imported from foreign countries | Native Indian breeds |
| High milk yield | Better disease resistance |
| Examples: Jersey, Brown Swiss | Examples: Sahiwal, Gir |
# (b) Pollen and Nectar
| Pollen | Nectar |
|---|---|
| Powdery male reproductive particles | Sweet liquid secretion |
| Produced by anther | Produced by nectaries |
| Helps fertilization | Attracts pollinators |
# (c) Shrimp and Prawn
| Shrimp | Prawn |
|---|---|
| Mostly marine | Freshwater and marine |
| Smaller body | Generally larger body |
# (d) Farmyard Manure and Sheep Manure
| Farmyard Manure | Sheep Manure |
|---|---|
| Cow dung, urine and litter | Sheep/goat excreta |
| Lower nutrient content | Higher nutrient content |
| Common organic manure | Rich in nitrogen |
Answer:
Organic compounds produced by organisms that are not directly involved in growth or reproduction are called secondary metabolites.
Examples:
- Alkaloids
- Essential oils
- Antibiotics
Answer:
- Kitchen garden
- Commercial garden
- Vegetable forcing
- Greenhouse gardening
- Organic vegetable gardening
Answer:
- Freezing
- Drying
- Canning
- Vacuum cooling
Answer:
- Eco-friendly
- Rich in nutrients
- Improves soil fertility
- Contains useful microbes
- Enhances decomposition
Answer:
- *Perionyx excavatus*
- *Eisenia fetida*
- *Eudrilus eugeniae*
Answer:
- Has antibacterial and antiseptic properties.
- Soothes sore throat and cough.
- Aids wound healing.
- Provides quick energy.
- Helps digestion.
- Has antioxidant properties.
Honey should not be given to infants below one year of age.
Answer:
Hydroponics is growing plants without soil using nutrient solution.
Advantages
- Saves water and nutrients
- Faster plant growth
- Better yield
- Suitable for deserts and cold regions
- Fewer weeds and pests
# Mushroom Culture
Growing mushrooms using agricultural and industrial wastes.
Steps in Mushroom Cultivation
# (i) Composting
- Paddy straw mixed with cow dung and fertilizers
- Maintained around (50^\circ C)
# (ii) Spawning
- Spawn acts as mushroom seed
- Fungal mycelium grown under sterile conditions
# (iii) Casing
Thin soil layer added to maintain humidity and temperature.
# (iv) Pinning
Small white buds develop into mushrooms.
# (v) Harvesting
- Temperature maintained between (15^\circ C) and (23^\circ C)
- Mushrooms harvested after about 3 weeks
Answer:
Biodegradable wastes used include:
- Crop residues
- Vegetable wastes
- Fruit wastes
- Leaf litter
- Animal wastes
- Biogas slurry
Fish ponds are classified into five main types based on their specific functions in fish farming. Breeding ponds are used for maintaining and breeding mature fishes to obtain fertilized eggs for reproduction. Hatchling ponds are designed specifically for hatching the fertilized eggs under controlled conditions. Nursery ponds are used for rearing young hatchlings, allowing them to grow into fry, which are juvenile fish. Rearing ponds are utilized to raise fry into fingerlings, which are slightly larger juvenile fish. Stocking or culture ponds are the largest ponds where fingerlings are raised to market size, the final stage before fish are harvested for sale. Each pond type maintains specific environmental conditions suited to the developmental stage of the fish being cultured.
| Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Milch breeds | Sahiwal, Gir |
| Draught breeds | Kangayam, Hallikar |
| Dual-purpose breeds | Hariana, Ongole |
Answer:
- Reduces pollution
- Improves soil fertility
- Eco-friendly farming
- Enhances crop productivity
Answer:
Honeycomb is made from wax secreted by worker bees.
Importance of Hexagonal Shape
- Maximum storage with minimum wax
- Strong structure
- Stores honey and pollen
- Used for rearing larvae
Observation of Earthworms in Vermicompost
Observation
Earthworms convert organic waste into nutrient-rich compost.
Honey Bee Colony
| Bee Type | Function |
|---|---|
| Queen bee | Egg laying |
| Worker bee | Collect nectar and hive maintenance |
| Drone | Reproduction |
# Important Summary
Pisciculture
Fish farming.
Apiculture
Honey bee rearing.
Hydroponics
Growing plants without soil.
Vermicomposting
Using earthworms to prepare organic manure.
Mycorrhiza
Association between fungi and plant roots.
Mushroom Mycelium
Vegetative body of fungus.
Polyculture
Growing multiple fish species together.
Honey Bee Types
- Queen
- Worker
- Drone
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