- (a) (10^{-7}) metre
- (b) (10^{-8}) metre
- (c) (10^{-6}) metre
- (d) (10^{-9}) metre
Answer:
(d) (10^{-9}) metre
One nanometre is one billionth of a metre.
- (a) plant
- (b) microorganism
- (c) animal
- (d) sunlight
Answer:
(b) microorganism
- (a) antipyretic
- (b) antimalarial
- (c) antiseptic
- (d) antacid
Answer:
(c) antiseptic
- (a) oxidation
- (b) reduction
- (c) neutralisation
- (d) catenation
Answer:
(b) reduction
Cathode is the site of gain of electrons.
- (a) carbon
- (b) iodine
- (c) phosphorus
- (d) oxygen
Answer:
(a) carbon
Carbon-14 isotope is used.
- (a) Potato
- (b) Beetroot
- (c) Carrot
- (d) Turmeric
Answer:
(a) Potato
- (a) Carbohydrates
- (b) Vitamins
- (c) Proteins
- (d) Fats
Answer:
(b) Vitamins
- (a) oxidants
- (b) batteries
- (c) isotopes
- (d) nanoparticles
Answer:
(c) isotopes
- (a) isotopes
- (b) auxochrome
- (c) chromogen
- (d) chromophore
Answer:
(d) chromophore
- (a) fertilizers
- (b) pesticides
- (c) food colourants
- (d) preservatives
Answer:
(b) pesticides
- Electrolytic cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy.
- Painkiller drugs are called analgesics.
- Indigo is a vat dye.
- Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are important macronutrients.
- Ninhydrin is used in fingerprint analysis.
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| Antipyretics | Fever |
| Corrosion prevention | Electroplating |
| Hyperthyroidism | Iodine-131 |
| Nanoparticle | Large surface area |
| Proteins | Body building |
Answer:
Radiocarbon dating is method used to determine age of fossils and dead organisms using radioactive isotope:
(Carbon-14)
Answer:
Drugs causing temporary loss of sensation are called anaesthetics.
Types
- General anaesthetics
- Local anaesthetics
Answer:
Chemical fertilizers supply essential nutrients required for healthy plant growth.
Macronutrients:
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Potassium
Answer:
Application of chemistry in crime investigation is called forensic chemistry.
It helps in:
- fingerprint analysis
- poison detection
- blood analysis
- drug identification
# (i) Acid Dyes
- Acidic in nature
- Used for wool and silk
Examples:
- Picric acid
- Naphthol yellow-S
# (ii) Basic Dyes
Contain basic groups like:
Examples:
- Crystal violet
- Methylene blue
# (iii) Mordant Dyes
Require mordant before dyeing.
Mordants:
- Aluminium salts
- Chromium salts
- Iron salts
Example:
Alizarin
# (iv) Direct Dyes
Used directly on cotton and rayon.
Example:
Congo red
# (v) Vat Dyes
Used mainly for cotton.
Example:
Indigo
| Food Additive | Function |
|---|---|
| Preservatives | Prevent spoilage |
| Colouring agents | Improve appearance |
| Flavouring agents | Improve taste |
| Sweeteners | Add sweetness |
| Antioxidants | Prevent oxidation |
| Emulsifiers | Stabilize mixtures |
Answer:
No.
Watch batteries are usually:
Primary cells
Their chemical reactions are irreversible.
Hence they cannot be recharged.
Mobile Phone Batteries
Mobile phones use:
Secondary cells
(Lithium-ion batteries)
Their reactions are reversible.
Hence they can be recharged.
Answer:
- Antibiotic ointments → prevent infection
- Analgesics → reduce pain
- Antiseptic creams → protect wounds
Answer:
pH 5 indicates acidic soil.
Hence alkaline/basic fertilizers should be used.
Examples:
- Potash fertilizers
- Lime-containing fertilizers
Lemon/Potato Galvanic Cell
Aim
To construct galvanic cell using lemon or potato.
Materials Required
- Lemon or potato
- Zinc-coated nail
- Copper coin
- LED bulb
- Connecting wires
Procedure
- Insert copper coin into lemon.
- Insert zinc nail on opposite side.
- Connect both to LED using wires.
Observation
- Copper acts as cathode
- Zinc acts as anode
- Lemon juice acts as electrolyte
- LED glows
Conclusion
Chemical energy converted into electrical energy.
# Electrochemical Cell
Converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
Example:
Dry cell
# Electrolytic Cell
Converts electrical energy into chemical energy.
Example:
Electroplating
# Nanoparticles
Particles having size between:
Applications:
- Medicine
- Electronics
- Cosmetics
# Antibiotics
Substances produced by microorganisms that kill harmful bacteria.
Example:
Penicillin
# Antipyretics
Reduce fever.
Example:
Paracetamol
# Analgesics
Relieve pain.
Example:
Aspirin
# Antiseptics
Prevent microbial growth on living tissues.
Example:
Tincture iodine
Nanometre
Cathode
Reduction occurs.
Anode
Oxidation occurs.
Radiochemistry
Study of radioactive isotopes.
Ninhydrin
Used in fingerprint detection.
Indigo
Vat dye.
Electroplating
Used to prevent corrosion.
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