- (a) Parenchyma
- (b) Collenchyma
- (c) Sclerenchyma
- (d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Parenchyma
Correction made:
Original answer incorrectly marked “None of the above”.
- (a) Parenchyma
- (b) Sclerenchyma
- (c) Collenchyma
- (d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Sclerenchyma
- (a) Sieve elements
- (b) Vessel elements
- (c) Trichomes
- (d) Guard cells
Answer:
(a) Sieve elements
- (a) Parenchyma
- (b) Collenchyma
- (c) Xylem
- (d) Sclerenchyma
Answer:
(c) Xylem
- (a) Epiphytes
- (b) Hydrophytes
- (c) Halophytes
- (d) Xerophytes
Answer:
(b) Hydrophytes
- (a) Uterus
- (b) Artery
- (c) Vein
- (d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
- (a) Axon
- (b) Nerve endings
- (c) Tendons
- (d) Dendrites
Answer:
(c) Tendons
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| Sclereids | Sclerenchyma |
| Chloroplast | Chlorenchyma |
| Simple tissue | Collenchyma |
| Companion cell | Phloem |
| Tracheids | Xylem |
- Compound epithelium provides mechanical protection to organs.
- Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are simple tissues.
- Xylem and phloem are complex tissues.
- Ciliated epithelial cells are found in the trachea.
- Small intestine lining consists of columnar epithelium.
If false, correct the statement.
Answer: True
Answer: False
Correct Statement:
Bone and cartilage are supportive connective tissues.
Answer: True
Answer: False
Correct Statement:
Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma.
Answer: False
Correct Statement:
Vessels are found in xylem.
Answer:
Intercalary meristems are meristematic tissues found between permanent tissues.
They occur:
- at base of leaves
- at base of internodes
Examples:
- Grasses
- Pinus
Difference from Other Meristems
| Meristem | Location | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Apical meristem | Root and shoot tips | Increase in length |
| Lateral meristem | Sides of stem/root | Increase in thickness |
| Intercalary meristem | Between mature tissues | Regrowth and elongation |
Correction made:
Intercalary meristem mainly helps elongation, not branch production.
Answer:
Complex tissues consist of more than one type of cells working together.
Types:
- Xylem
- Phloem
Answer:
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant muscular tissue.
Functions
- Helps body movement
- Attached to bones
- Voluntary in action
- Multinucleate fibres
Examples:
- Biceps
- Triceps
Answer:
Supporting connective tissue forming endoskeleton is called skeletal connective tissue.
Types:
- Bone
- Cartilage
Functions
- Support body
- Protect organs
- Help locomotion
Answer:
Meiosis reduces chromosome number to half.
Thus:
- gametes become haploid
- fertilization restores diploid condition
This maintains chromosome number across generations.
Answer:
Chromosomes align at equatorial plate during:
# Metaphase
Each chromosome attaches to spindle fibres through centromere.
# Permanent Tissue
Tissues whose cells have lost power of division are called permanent tissues.
# Types of Simple Permanent Tissues
# (i) Parenchyma
Features
- Living cells
- Thin-walled
- Polygonal or oval
- Intercellular spaces present
Special Types
Aerenchyma
Contains air spaces.
Found in aquatic plants.
Chlorenchyma
Contains chloroplasts.
Performs photosynthesis.
Functions
- Food storage
- Photosynthesis
- Buoyancy
- Secretion
# (ii) Collenchyma
Features
- Living elongated cells
- Unevenly thickened corners
- Non-lignified walls
Function
Provides flexibility and mechanical support.
# (iii) Sclerenchyma
Features
- Dead cells
- Thick lignified walls
- Mechanical strength
Types
Fibres
- Long pointed cells
- Example: Jute
Sclereids
- Broad cells
- Found in fruits and seeds
# Xylem
Conducts water and minerals upward.
Components of Xylem
# (i) Tracheids
- Dead elongated cells
- Thick lignified walls
- Water conduction and support
# (ii) Xylem Fibres
- Long lignified cells
- Provide mechanical support
# (iii) Vessels
- Tube-like dead structures
- Perforated end walls
- Efficient water transport
# (iv) Xylem Parenchyma
- Living cells
- Store starch and fats
| Mitosis | Meiosis |
|---|---|
| Occurs in somatic cells | Occurs in reproductive cells |
| Single division | Two successive divisions |
| Produces 2 daughter cells | Produces 4 daughter cells |
| Daughter cells diploid | Daughter cells haploid |
| Chromosome number maintained | Chromosome number halved |
| Daughter cells identical | Daughter cells genetically different |
Answer:
Platelets help blood clotting.
Without platelets:
- clotting will not occur
- excessive bleeding occurs
- may become fatal
Answer:
Mature red blood cells are not true cells because they lack nucleus.
Correction made:
RBCs possess nucleus only during immature stage.
Observation of Cheek Cells
Observation
- Irregularly shaped cells seen
- Dark-stained nucleus visible
- Cytoplasm lightly stained
Correction made:
Human cheek cells do NOT possess cell wall.
# Important Summary
Meristematic Tissue
Actively dividing tissue.
Types:
- Apical
- Lateral
- Intercalary
Simple Tissues
- Parenchyma
- Collenchyma
- Sclerenchyma
Complex Tissues
- Xylem
- Phloem
Epithelial Tissue
Protective tissue in animals.
Connective Tissue
Provides support and connection.
Muscle Tissue
Responsible for movement.
Nervous Tissue
Conducts impulses.
Mitosis
Growth and repair.
Meiosis
Gamete formation.
Revise Organisation of Tissues faster.
Use these expandable textbook answers for homework, quick revision, and exam preparation.